场效应晶体管（FET）是一种通过电场调控固体材料导电特性的有源器件，凭借体积小、功耗低、热稳定性优异、无二次击穿效应及安全工作区宽等优势，已成为现代微电子技术的核心元件。然而，传统无机FET在器件小型化进程中已逼近物理极限，且存在成本高、大面积制备困难等瓶颈问题。在此背景下，以有机半导体材料作为活性层的有机场效应晶体管（OFET）应运而生。自1986年首个OFET问世以来，其材料设计、器件物理和工业技术等取得显著进展，并在柔性电子、低成本传感等领域展现出独特应用潜力。本书系统阐述了OFET的基础理论与材料体系，涵盖工作机理、半导体材料分类、界面工程、性能表征及前沿应用。全书以英文撰写，兼顾学术深度与学科交叉性，既剖析器件物理的核心原理，亦结合材料化学与工艺学的最新成果。

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2002.09-2006.07 陕西师范大学 化学与材料科学学院 化学教育 理学学士 2007.09-2010.07 陕西师范大学 化学与材料科学学院 无机化学 理学硕士 2010.10-2013.10 日本冈山大学 自然科学研究科 机能分子化学 理学博士2006.07-2007.07 成都龙泉中学 中学化学教师 2013.11-2015.06 新加坡南洋理工大学 材料科学与工程学院 博士后 2016.05-至今 陕西师范大学 材料科学与工程学院 副教授材料制备及其器件陕西省高层次人才引进计划无

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Organic Field-Effect Transistors 1
1.1 Basic Principle of FET 1
1.2 History of Development of FET 2
1.3 Transistor Operation in Si MOS-FET 3
1.4 Fundamental Principles of OFET 4
1.5 A Brief History of OFET 6
1.6 Theoretical Bases for FET 8
1.6.1 Explanation of technical terms in FET 8
1.6.2 Theoretical background of FET 10
1.6.3 Evaluation of carrier injection barrier height 13
1.7 Characterization 14
1.7.1 Powder X-ray diffraction 14
1.7.2 Single crystal X-ray diffraction 15
1.7.3 Infrared spectroscopy 16
1.7.4 Raman spectroscopy 16
1.7.5 Photoluminescence spectroscopy 18
1.7.6 Thermo-gravimetric analysis 18
1.7.7 Atomic force microscopy 19
1.7.8 Vibrating sample magnetometer 20
1.8 Basic Physical Concepts 21
1.8.1 Electrons and holes 21
1.8.2 Carriers in organic semiconductors: n-type, p-type and ambipolar 22
1.8.3 Energy levels and energy bands 23
1.8.4 Metals, semiconductors, and insulators 24
1.8.5 Work function 26
1.8.6 Schottky barrier 28
1.8.7 Device configuration 28
1.9 Organic Magnets 29
References 31
Chapter 2 Organic Small Molecule Field-Effect Materials 35
2.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives 36
2.2 Thiaheterocycles and Their Derivatives 43
2.3 Halogenated Small Molecules and Their Derivatives 48
2.4 Cyanated Small Molecules and Their Derivatives 52
2.5 Quinoid Small Molecules and Their Derivatives 54
2.6 Lactam/Imide Small Molecules and Their Derivatives 57
2.7 Main Problems for Organic Small Molecule FETs 64
2.7.1 Challenges in material design 65
2.7.2 Challenges in device performance 65
2.7.3 Challenges in process optimization 66
2.8 The Development Prospects of Small Molecule FETs 66
2.8.1 Design and development of new materials 66
2.8.2 Optimization of device structure 67
2.8.3 Innovation in process technology 67
References 67
Chapter 3 Conjugated Polymer Field-Effect Materials 73
3.1 Introduction 73
3.2 Basic Principles of Conjugated Polymers 75
3.2.1 Structure and electronic properties of conjugated polymers 75
3.2.2 Conjugated systems and molecular orbital theory 76
3.2.3 Conductivity of π-conjugated systems 77
3.2.4 Relationship between charge mobility and molecular structure 80
3.3 Conjugated Polymer Materials 81
3.3.1 Introduction 81
3.3.2 P-type conjugated polymer materials 82
3.3.3 N-type conjugated polymer materials 89
3.3.4 Bipolar conjugated polymer materials 92
3.3.5 Atomic substitution 94
3.4 Optimization of Conjugated Polymer Field-Effect Materials 99
3.4.1 Solution processing techniques 99
3.4.2 Customizing film orientation 101
3.4.3 Optimization of polymerization reactions 103
3.4.4 Polymer side-chain engineering 104
3.5 The Development Prospects of Conjugated Polymer Field-Effect Materials 106
References 108
Chapter 4 Charge Transfer Cocrystal Field-Effect Materials 114
4.1 Introduction 114
4.2 Basic Information of Charge Transfer Cocrystals 116
4.2.1 LUMO-HOMO engineering 116
4.2.2 Definition and theory 118
4.2.3 Determination of charge transfer 118
4.3 Method for growth of charge transfer cocrystal single crystals 120
4.3.1 Slow cooling method 121
4.3.2 Slow evaporation method 122
4.3.3 Vapor diffusion method 122
4.3.4 Liquid-liquid interface method 124
4.3.5 Vapor method growth of charge transfer compound single crystals 125
4.3.6 Print growth of charge transfer compound single crystals 126
4.4 Materials for Charge Transfer Cocrystals 127
4.4.1 TCNQ-based charge transfer cocrystals 128
4.4.2 PDI-based charge transfer cocrystals 138
4.4.3 Other types of acceptor-based charge transfer cocrystals 141
4.5 Summary and Prospect 143
References 145
Chapter 5 Organic Thin-Film FETs 151
5.1 Introduction 151
5.2 Organic Thin-Film FET Materials 152
5.2.1 P-type organic thin film semiconductor materials 155
5.2.2 N-type organic semiconductor materials 157
5.2.3 Bipolar organic semiconductor materials 158
5.3 Construction Method of Organic Thin-Film FET 160
5.3.1 Spin coating method 161
5.3.2 Drop casting method 166
5.3.3 Langmuir-Blodgett membrane method 168
5.3.4 Vacuum deposition method 171
5.3.5 Zone casting method 175
5.3.6 Inkjet printing 177
5.3.7 Self-assembled membrane 179
5.4 Summary and Prospect 180
References 181
Chapter 6 Organic Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistor 185
6.1 Introduction 185
6.2 Organic Single Crystals 187
6.2.1 Organic single crystal growth 188
6.2.2 Physical characteristics of organic single crystals 192
6.3 Organic Single Crystal FET 194
6.3.1 Construction of OFETs 194
6.3.2 Electronic characteristics of SC-OFETs 199
6.4 Summary and Prospect 204
References 206
Chapter 7 Application of OFETs 212
7.1 Introduction 212
7.2 Organic Flexible Electronic Devices 212
7.2.1 Preparation conditions of flexible electronic devices 212
7.2.2 Common flexible device materials 214
7.3 Printed Devices 226
7.3.1 Printed electronic technology and printing method 226
7.3.2 Printed devices 228
7.4 Organic Circuits 237
7.4.1 Basic unit of the circuit 237
7.4.2 Organic circuits 244
7.5 Outlook 254
References 254