本书内容体系完整，涵盖六个核心项目。以安全用电与职业道德项目筑牢职业根基，强化安全操作意识与职业规范；通过电路基础项目搭建理论框架，为后续技能学习奠定基础；依托常用的电工仪器仪表项目传授仪器仪表的使用与维护技能，提升实操检测能力；聚焦照明电路的安装与调试，培养常见照明系统的安装、检修实操能力；围绕低压控制电器的安装与调试，讲解低压控制电器原理及应用场景下的实操技巧；借助电子技术项目，引导读者掌握基础电子元件应用与电路调试方法。 本书注重理论与实操相结合，逻辑清晰、内容实用、实操性强，既助力读者系统掌握初级电工必备的知识与技能，又为读者通过职业技能等级认定、胜任初级电工岗位提供有力支撑。 本书提供教学大纲、教学课件等教学资源，读者可登录“华信教育资源网”免费下载。 本书是为电工(五级)职业技能等级认定打造的专业用书，精准对接初级电工岗位能力需求，适合技工学校、技师学院、高等职业院校学生，电工初学者及需提升基础技能的从业人员使用，也可以作为产教融合教材及社会第三方培训机构培养高技能人才的教材。

谢小宝，男，1986年生。工程硕士，讲师、高级技师；毕业中南大学工程硕士，2009年9月参加工作，现任私立华联学院汽车工程系副主任。近几年一直从事电气技术相关专业专业课一体化教学工作。主要承担《电工电子技术基础》、《驱动电机控制技术》、《新能源汽车高压安全与维护》、《传感器技术》、《PLC控制技术》、《电力拖动控制技术》、《工业机器人控制技术》等专业理论与实践教学课程。发表学术论文10余篇，参与教材编写3部，主持参与各类课题10余项，专利授权10项。

目 录
项目一 安全用电与职业道德 ···········································································.1
任务一 安全用电知识···············································································.1
一、触电与安全电压···············································································.1
二、防止触电的技术措施··········································································.3
三、实训内容·······················································································.3
任务二 触电急救·····················································································.4
一、触电急救的处理原则··········································································.4
二、触电急救的方法···············································································.5
三、脱离电源后的现场抢救方法··································································.6
四、单人徒手心肺复苏的具体操作步骤 ··························································.7
五、实训内容·······················································································.7
任务三 常用的电工安全标志······································································.8
一、电工安全标志 ·················································································.8
二、标志牌分类 ····················································································.9
三、标志牌的悬挂场所规定 ·····································································.10
四、实训内容·······················································································11
任务四 电气火灾的消防知识····································································.13
一、电气火灾·····················································································.13
二、灭火器及其使用·············································································.14
三、电气火灾的主要原因········································································.15
四、易燃、易爆环境·············································································.16
五、电气火灾的防护措施········································································.16
六、电气火灾的扑救·············································································.17
七、实训内容·····················································································.19
任务五 职业道德与法律法规····································································.20
一、职业道德·····················································································.20
二、电力法律法规 ···············································································.22
三、《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》在工作中的应用 ········································.22
项目二 电路基础 ························································································.25
任务一 电路和电路模型··········································································.25
一、实际电路的组成和作用 ·····································································.25
二、电路模型·····················································································.26
三、电路的工作状态·············································································.26
四、实训内容·····················································································.26
任务二 电路的基本物理量·······································································.27
一、电流及其参考方向 ··········································································.28
二、电压及其参考方向 ··········································································.29
三、电动势 ·······················································································.30
四、功率··························································································.30
五、实训内容·····················································································.31
任务三 认识电阻···················································································.32
一、电阻元件·····················································································.32
二、实训内容·····················································································.38
任务四 基尔霍夫定律·············································································.39
一、相关的电路名词·············································································.39
二、基尔霍夫电流定律(KCL) ··································································.40
三、基尔霍夫电压定律(KVL) ··································································.41
四、支路电流法 ··················································································.43
五、实训内容·····················································································.44
任务五 正弦交流电路的基本概念······························································.44
一、交流电的周期、频率和角频率 ·····························································.45
二、交流电的瞬时值、最大值和有效值 ························································.45
三、交流电的相位、初相位和相位差···························································.46
任务六 三相交流电路·············································································.47
一、三相电源·····················································································.47
二、三相电源的连接·············································································.49
三、对称三相电路 ···············································································.51
四、不对称三相电路·············································································.54
五、三相电路的功率·············································································.56
项目三 常用的电工仪器仪表 ·········································································.57
任务一 万用表······················································································.57
一、万用表的种类和结构········································································.57
二、MF47 型万用表的使用······································································.58
三、MF47 型万用表的测量选择·································································.58
四、万用表使用时的注意事项 ··································································.60
五、实训内容·····················································································.61
任务二 钳形电流表················································································.64
一、钳形电流表的使用 ··········································································.64
二、实训内容·····················································································.66
任务三 兆欧表······················································································.68
一、兆欧表的使用 ···············································································.68
二、实训内容·····················································································.70
任务四 接地电阻测量仪··········································································.71
一、接地电阻测量仪的使用 ·····································································.71
二、实训内容·····················································································.72
任务五 电流表 ····················································································.75
一、电流表的使用 ···············································································.75
二、实训内容·····················································································.76
任务六 电压表······················································································.77
一、电压表的使用 ···············································································.77
二、实训内容·····················································································.78
任务七 示波器和信号发生器····································································.79
一、示波器的使用 ···············································································.79
二、信号发生器的使用 ··········································································.82
三、实训内容·····················································································.83
项目四 照明电路的安装与调试······································································.86
任务一 常用的照明灯具··········································································.86
一、白炽灯 ·······················································································.86
二、日光灯 ·······················································································.87
三、卤钨灯 ·······················································································.88
四、高压汞灯·····················································································.88
五、高压钠灯·····················································································.88
六、照明灯具安装的注意事项 ··································································.89
七、实训内容·····················································································.89
任务二 照明电器···················································································.91
一、漏电保护开关 ···············································································.91
二、熔断器 ·······················································································.92
三、低压断路器 ··················································································.93
四、空气断路器 ··················································································.94
五、照明常用开关 ···············································································.95
六、照明插座·····················································································.95
七、实训内容·····················································································.96
任务三 单控照明电路的安装与调试···························································.98
一、实训任务一 ··················································································.98
二、实训任务二 ··················································································.99
任务四 双控照明电路的安装与调试 ·························································.99
实训任务·························································································.100
任务五 电能表带照明灯具控制电路的安装与调试········································.101
一、单相电能表 ·················································································.101
二、工业三相电能表············································································.103
三、电能表安装要求············································································.104
四、电能表正确读数············································································.105
项目五 低压控制电器的安装与调试·······························································.106
任务一 认识低压控制电器······································································.106
一、开关电器····················································································.106
二、低压熔断器 ·················································································.109
三、接触器 ······················································································.110
四、继电器 ······················································································.111
五、主令电器····················································································.116
六、实训内容····················································································.117
任务二 电动机的结构与控制电路·····························································.119
一、直流电动机 ·················································································.119
二、三相异步电动机············································································.120
三、单相异步电动机············································································.121
四、中小型交流电动机的绕组 ·································································.121
五、中小型异步电动机的修理及试运行 ·······················································.122
六、电气元件及导线的选用 ····································································.123
七、基本控制电路的安装步骤及要求··························································.125
八、实训内容····················································································.126
任务三 低压控制电器的安装要求·····························································.128
一、自动开关的安装要求·······································································.128
二、低压接触器的安装要求 ····································································.128
三、低压隔离开关、刀开关的安装要求 ·······················································.129
四、控制器、继电器及行程开关的安装要求··················································.129
五、熔断器的安装要求 ·········································································.130
六、住宅低压控制电器、漏电保护器的安装要求·············································.131
七、实训内容····················································································.131
任务四 低压动力控制电路维修································································.133
一、低压动力控制电路维修步骤·······························································.133
二、实训内容····················································································.141
项目六 电子技术 ·······················································································.143
任务一 半导体的基础知识······································································.143
一、半导体的基本特性 ·········································································.143
二、PN 结及单向导电性········································································.146
任务二 半导体二极管············································································.148
一、普通二极管 ·················································································.148
二、二极管的主要参数 ·········································································.149
三、特殊二极管 ·················································································.150
四、二极管的检测与判断·······································································.152
五、实训内容····················································································.153
六、技能要求····················································································.154
任务三 半导体三极管············································································.156
一、三极管的结构 ··············································································.156
二、三极管的放大作用 ·········································································.157
三、三极管的特性曲线 ·········································································.158
四、三极管的主要参数 ·········································································.161
五、三极管的选用原则 ·········································································.162
六、PNP 型三极管 ··············································································.163
七、三极管的检测实训 ·········································································.163
八、实训内容····················································································.165
九、技能要求····················································································.166
任务四 直流稳压电源电路······································································.168
一、直流稳压电源的组成·······································································.168
二、单相半波整流电路 ·········································································.169
三、单相桥式整流电路 ·········································································.170
四、滤波电路····················································································.171
五、实训内容····················································································.173
六、技能要求····················································································.174
任务五 电子电路的安装与调试································································.175
一、电烙铁概述 ·················································································.175
二、焊料及助焊剂 ··············································································.178
三、锡焊·························································································.178
四、焊接方法····················································································.178
五、导线上锡的方法············································································.179
六、技能要求····················································································.179
附录 A 电工技能等级认定(五级)理论考核试卷(样卷 1)·······································.184
附录 B 电工技能等级认定(五级)技能考核样卷(样卷 2)·······································.196