本书严格依据普通高等院校服务器操作系统相关课程大纲精心编写，专为零基础学习者量身打造，全面、系统且深入地阐述了 Linux 系统管理的核心知识体系，完整涵盖红帽认证系统管理员（RHCSA）的全部认证要点，助力读者轻松应对认证挑战。全书共 13 章，内容循序渐进、逻辑清晰。包括 Linux 操作系统入门、命令行基础操作、命令行管理文件、创建和编辑文本文件、 Linux 高级文件操作、管理本地用户和组、文件权限、网络配置与远程管理、管理 Linux 软件包、 Linux 存储管理、 Linux 系统管理、 Shell 脚本编程（拓展）和运行容器（拓展）。本书注重理论与实践的深度融合，每章都配备了大量精心设计的实训和实战任务，通过实际操作巩固理论知识，让抽象的概念变得直观易懂。此外，我们还为本书配备了丰富的教学资源包，及自动评分程序。读者只需扫描本书中的二维码，按照提示操作，即可轻松获取这些资源，为学习提供全方位支持。无论是对于普通高等院校、高职院校计算机类专业的师生，还是对于渴望提升 Linux 系统管理技能的运维工作者，本书都是一本极具价值的教材和参考书，能够满足不同层次学习者的学习和工作需求，助力学习者在 Linux 系统管理领域快速成长。

许兴鹍，男，广东交通职业技术学院副教授，信息学院副院长。广东省计算机信息网络安全协会-广东省网络安全等级保护专家库定级评审专家；广东省计算机信息网络安全协会-红帽人才专业委员会常务理事和副秘书长；广东省计算机信息网络安全协会-信息技术应用创新专业委员会委员；广州市教育装备技术协会-专家库专家；一带一路金砖国家技能发展国际联盟-信息与通信技术专业委员会常务理事；广东省计算机学会-物联网与网络专委会委员；广东省计算机学会-教育信息技术应用创新专业委员会常务委员。主持或主要参与交通厅和校级等教科研项目9项，发表论文10篇，获发明专利软著3项，主编教材3本，副主编或参编教材4本。长期担任专业管理和教学工作，对园区网的架构与运维有深入的理解和丰富的实践经验。目前作为信息学院副院长，主要分管学生技能竞赛、实训室管理、校区合作以及学生实习等工作。获教育部职业技能竞赛国家级优秀指导老师称号2次，获优秀班主任4次，获优秀共产党员3次。

第 1 章　Linux 操作系统入门 ·······························································································.1
1.1 Linux 操作系统介绍 ···························································································.1
1.1.1　什么是操作系统 ······················································································.1
1.1.2　操作系统的核心功能 ················································································.2
1.1.3　常见的操作系统 ······················································································.3
1.1.4 Linux 的起源与发展··················································································.3
1.1.5 Linux 的体系结构 ····················································································.5
1.1.6 Linux 的应用场景·····················································································.7
1.1.7　实训任务 1-1——Linux 操作系统介绍 ···························································.8
1.2　安装 CentOS Stream 9 操作系统·············································································.9
1.2.1 CentOS Stream 9 操作系统介绍····································································.9
1.2.2 CentOS Stream 9 操作系统安装准备 ·····························································.9
1.2.3　安装 CentOS Stream 9················································································10
1.2.4　自定义安装 CentOS Stream 9（拓展） ···························································16
1.2.5　实训任务 1-2——安装和使用 Linux 操作系统 ·················································19
1.3　开始使用 CentOS Stream 9 操作系统·······································································19
1.3.1　图形化操作系统 Linux···············································································19
1.3.2　实训任务 1-3——图形化操作系统 Linux ·······················································25
1.3.3　实训任务 1-4——课后项目实战 ··································································25
附： 第 1 章实训总评分 ·····························································································26
第 2 章　命令行基础操作 ··································································································.27
2.1 Linux 命令行 ····································································································27
2.1.1 Bash Shell·······························································································27
2.1.2 Bash Shell 命令格式··················································································29
2.1.3　实训任务 2-1——Linux 命令行操作 ·····························································29
2.2　执行简单的 Shell 命令 ························································································30
2.2.1　查看系统日期和时间 ················································································30
2.2.2　电源管理 ·······························································································30
2.2.3　主机名管理 ····························································································30
2.2.4　查看系统 IP 地址 ·····················································································31
2.2.5　查看系统内核版本和发行版本 ····································································31
2.2.6　清屏 ·····································································································32·VI·
Linux 系统管理（CentOS 9 版）　
2.2.7　实训任务 2-2——执行简单的 Shell 命令 ························································32
2.2.8　实训任务 2-3——动手操作简单的 Shell 命令 ·················································32
2.3　实训任务 2-4——课后项目实战 ············································································34
附： 第 2 章实训总评分 ·····························································································35
第 3 章　命令行管理文件 ··································································································.36
3.1 Linux 文件系统层次结构 ·····················································································36
3.1.1 Linux 目录结构························································································36
3.1.2　通过路径定位文件 ···················································································38
3.1.3　实训任务 3-1——Linux 文件系统层次结构 ····················································39
3.2　利用 Linux 命令行管理文件··················································································39
3.2.1 Linux 导航路径命令 ·················································································39
3.2.2 Linux 操作文件目录命令 ···········································································41
3.2.3 Linux 查看文件内容命令 ···········································································43
3.2.4　实训任务 3-2——使用命令行操作文件和目录 ················································45
3.3 Linux 获取命令行帮助 ························································································47
3.3.1　获取命令行帮助 ·····················································································47
3.3.2　用 help 获取命令行帮助 ···········································································47
3.3.3　用 man 获取命令行帮助 ···········································································48
3.3.4　实训任务 3-3——获取命令行帮助 ·······························································49
3.4　本章拓展 ·········································································································49
3.4.1　创建链接文件 ·························································································49
3.4.2 Bash Shell 操作技巧··················································································51
3.4.3　实训任务 3-4——链接文件和 Shell 操作技巧训练 ············································52
3.5　实训任务 3-5——课后项目实战·············································································52
附： 第 3 章实训总评分 ·····························································································55
第 4 章　创建和编辑文本文件 ····························································································.56
4.1　重定向和管道命令符 ··························································································56
4.1.1　描述 Shell 的输入和输出 ···········································································56
4.1.2　将输出重定向到文件 ················································································57
4.1.3　构建管道 ·······························································································59
4.1.4　构建三通 ·······························································································60
4.1.5　实训任务 4-1——重定向和管道命令符 ·························································60
4.2 vim 编辑器 ······································································································63
4.2.1　关于文本编辑器 ······················································································63
4.2.2 vim 编辑器的使用方法 ·············································································63
4.2.3 vim 编辑器使用示例 ·················································································64
4.2.4　实训任务 4-2——使用 vim 编辑文本文件 ······················································64
4.3　本章拓展 ·········································································································65
4.3.1 vim 的高级编辑技巧 ················································································65
4.3.2　使用 Here Document 命令创建文本文件 ························································69
4.3.3　实训任务 4-3——vim 的高级编辑技巧 ·························································69
4.4　实训任务 4-4——课后项目实战·············································································72
附： 第 4 章实训总评分 ·····························································································78·VII·
第 5 章　Linux 高级文件操作 ·····························································································.79
5.1　归档及压缩文件 ································································································79
5.1.1　压缩文件 ·······························································································79
5.1.2 tar 归档文件····························································································81
5.1.3　实训任务 5-1——归档及压缩文件 ·······························································82
5.2　查找文件 ·········································································································84
5.2.1　用 which 命令查找可执行文件·····································································84
5.2.2　用 locate 命令查找文件··············································································84
5.2.3　用 find 命令查找文件 ················································································84
5.2.4　实训任务 5-2——查找文件 ········································································86
5.3　搜索指定模式的行 ·····························································································87
5.3.1　用 grep 命令搜索指定模式的行 ···································································87
5.3.2　实训任务 5-3——用 grep 命令过滤文件内容 ··················································88
5.4　本章拓展 ·········································································································89
5.4.1　正则表达式 ····························································································89
5.4.2 grep 命令 + 正则表达式 ············································································90
5.4.3 awk ······································································································91
5.4.4 sed ·······································································································91
5.4.5　实训任务 5-4——拓展内容实训 ··································································93
5.5　实训任务 5-5——课后项目实战·············································································95
附： 第 5 章实训总评分 ·····························································································99
第 6 章　管理本地用户和组 ······························································································100
6.1　用户和组的概念 ·····························································································.100
6.1.1　用户和组概述 ······················································································.100
6.1.2　用户和组相关文件 ················································································.101
6.1.3　实训任务 6-1——Linux 用户和组的概念·····················································.103
6.2　用户和组管理命令 ··························································································.103
6.2.1 useradd——添加用户账号 ·······································································.103
6.2.2 passwd——管理用户密码 ·······································································.104
6.2.3 usermod——修改用户账号属性 ································································.105
6.2.4 userdel——删除用户账号 ·······································································.106
6.2.5 groupadd——新建组账号 ········································································.106
6.2.6 groupdel——删除组账号 ········································································.106
6.2.7 gpasswd——添加、 删除组成员 ································································.106
6.2.8　实训任务 6-2——管理用户和组 ·······························································.107
6.3　用户和组账号查询 ··························································································.109
6.3.1　id——查看用户身份标识 ································································.109
6.3.2 users、 w、 who——查看当前登录到主机的用户信息 ·····································.109
6.3.3　实训任务 6-3——用户和组账号查询··························································.110
6.4　获取 root 权限································································································.110
6.4.1 su——切换用户身份 ·············································································.111
6.4.2 sudo——用户提权 ················································································.111
6.4.3　实训任务 6-4——获取 root 权限································································.112
6.5　本章拓展 ······································································································.113
6.5.1　用户密码策略 ······················································································.113
6.5.2　实训任务 6-5——用户密码策略 ·······························································.115
6.6　实训任务 6-6——课后项目实战··········································································.116
附： 第 6 章实训总评分 ···························································································.119
第 7 章　文件权限 ···········································································································120
7.1　文件权限概述 ································································································.120
7.1.1　了解文件权限 ······················································································.120
7.1.2　实训任务 7-1——Linux 文件权限的概念 ····················································.121
7.2　文件权限设置 ································································································.122
7.2.1　设置文件权限 ·····················································································.122
7.2.2　实训任务 7-2——设置文件权限 ·······························································.124
7.3　文件归属设置 ································································································.125
7.3.1　设置文件归属 ·····················································································.125
7.3.2　实训任务 7-3——设置文件属主、 属组和权限 ·············································.125
7.4　文件默认权限设置 ··························································································.127
7.4.1　设置文件默认权限 ···············································································.127
7.4.2　实训任务 7-4——设置文件默认权限 ·························································.127
7.5　本章拓展 ······································································································.128
7.5.1　设置特殊权限 ······················································································.128
7.5.2　文件访问控制列表（ FACL） ···································································.130
7.5.3　实训任务 7-5——设置文件特殊权限和 FACL（拓展） ··································.131
7.6　实训任务 7-6——课后项目实战··········································································.133
附： 第 7 章实训总评分 ···························································································.136
第 8 章　网络配置与远程管理 ···························································································137
8.1　网络管理 ······································································································.137
8.1.1　网络管理概述 ······················································································.137
8.1.2　查询网络配置 ······················································································.138
8.1.3　实训任务 8-1——Linux 文件权限概念 ·······················································.141
8.2　使用 nmtui 图形化工具配置网络 ········································································.142
8.2.1 nmtui 图形化工具··················································································.142
8.2.2　网络配置文件 ······················································································.143
8.2.3　配置主机名和域名解析 ··········································································.144
8.2.4　实训任务 8-2——使用 nmtui 图形化工具配置网络 ········································.145
8.3　远程管理 Linux ······························································································.147
8.3.1 Linux 远程管理工具 ··············································································.147
8.3.2　使用 SSH 实现远程管理 ·········································································.147
8.3.3　实训任务 8-3——使用 SSH 远程管理 Linux 主机 ··········································.148
8.4　本章拓展 ······································································································.149
8.4.1　使用 nmcli 命令行工具配置网络 ······························································.149
8.4.2　实训任务 8-4——使用 nmcli 命令行工具配置网络 ········································.152
8.4.3　在 Linux 主机之间复制文件 ···································································.153
8.4.4　在 Windows 系统中利用 SSH 实现远程管理 ················································.154
8.4.5　在 Windows 系统中利用图形界面实现远程管理 ···········································.156
8.4.6　管理华为云主机 ···················································································.158·IX·
8.4.7　实训任务 8-5——远程管理华为云主机 ······················································.164
8.5　实训任务 8-6——课后项目实战··········································································.166
附： 第 8 章实训总评分 ···························································································.166
第 9 章　管理 Linux 软件包 ·······························································································167
9.1 Linux 软件包介绍 ···························································································.167
9.1.1 Linux 软件包的封装类型·········································································.167
9.1.2 Linux RPM 软件包介绍 ··········································································.167
9.1.3　实训任务 9-1——Linux 软件包介绍 ··························································.168
9.2　管理 Linux 软件包 ··························································································.168
9.2.1 RPM 包管理 ························································································.168
9.2.2　实训任务 9-2——使用 dnf 命令管理 Linux 软件包 ········································.172
9.3　管理 DNF 仓库·······························································································.174
9.3.1 DNF 仓库 ···························································································.174
9.3.2　实训任务 9-3——管理 DNF 仓库 ·····························································.178
9.4　实训任务 9-4——课后项目实战··········································································.180
附： 第 9 章实训总评分 ··························································································.183
第 10 章　Linux 存储管理 ·································································································184
10.1　区分文件系统和设备 ·····················································································.184
10.1.1　存储设备的概念··················································································.184
10.1.2　查看存储常用命令···············································································.185
10.1.3　实训任务 10-1——文件系统和块设备 ······················································.186
10.2　管理基本存储操作·························································································.187
10.2.1　磁盘分区 ·························································································.187
10.2.2　分区格式化························································································.189
10.2.3　挂载·································································································.189
10.2.4　实训任务 10-2——管理 Linux 基本存储 ····················································.190
10.3　管理交换分区 ······························································································.192
10.3.1　创建交换分区·····················································································.192
10.3.2　实训任务 10-3——管理 Linux 交换分区 ····················································.193
10.4　管理逻辑卷··································································································.195
10.4.1 Linux 逻辑卷管理（ LVM） 的概念···························································.195
10.4.2　逻辑卷管理························································································.196
10.4.3　扩展逻辑卷 ·······················································································.198
10.4.4　实训任务 10-4——管理 Linux 逻辑卷 ·······················································.200
10.5　实训任务 10-5——课后项目实战·······································································.202
附： 第 10 章实训总评分 ·························································································.205
第 11 章　Linux 系统管理 ································································································206
11.1　监控和管理 Linux 进程 ··················································································.206
11.1.1　进程状态和生命周期 ···········································································.206
11.1.2　查看进程 ··························································································.207
11.1.3　控制进程 ···························································································.209
11.1.4　实训任务 11-1——监控和管理 Linux 进程 ·················································.212
11.2 Linux 计划任务 ····························································································.214
11.2.1　使用 at 命令创建一次性任务 ··································································.214
11.2.2　使用 crontab 命令创建周期性计划任务······················································.215
11.2.3　实训任务 11-2——Linux 计划任务 ··························································.217
11.3 Linux 时钟同步 ····························································································.218
11.3.1　设置本地时间和时区 ···········································································.218
11.3.2　设置 NTP 网络时钟 ·············································································.218
11.3.3　实训任务 11-3——Linux 时钟同步 ··························································.219
11.4　实训任务 11-4——课后项目实战·······································································.220
附： 第 11 章实训总评分 ························································································.221
第 12 章　Shell 脚本编程（拓展） ·····················································································222
12.1　编写简单的 Shell 脚本 ···················································································.222
12.1.1　变量·································································································.222
12.1.2 Shell 脚本的概念 ·················································································.224
12.1.3　脚本文件示例·····················································································.225
12.1.4　实训任务 12-1——编写简单的 Shell 脚本 ··················································.225
12.2 Shell 脚本结构控制语句··················································································.227
12.2.1 条件测试操作·····················································································.227
12.2.2 if 语句的结构 ·····················································································.228
12.2.3　使用 for 循环语句················································································.230
12.2.4　使用 while 循环语句·············································································.231
12.2.5　实训任务 12-2——Shell 脚本结构控制语句················································.232
12.3　实训任务 12-3——课后项目实战·······································································.235
附： 第 12 章实训总评分 ·························································································.237
第 13 章　运行容器（拓展） ·····························································································238
13.1　容器的概念··································································································.238
13.1.1　什么是容器························································································.238
13.1.2　实训任务 13-1——容器的概念 ·······························································.240
13.2　部署···········································································································.240
13.2.1　部署容器···························································································.240
13.2.2　实训任务 13-2——部署容器 ·································································.243
13.3　管理···········································································································.245
13.3.1　管理容器存储和网络资源······································································.245
13.3.2　实训任务 13-3——管理容器存储和网络资源 ············································.246
13.4　使用 systemd 命令 ·························································································.248
13.4.1　使用 systemd 命令管理容器 ···································································.248
13.4.2　实训任务 13-4——使用 systemd 命令管理容器 ··········································.248
13.5　创建容器镜像 ·····························································································.249
13.5.1　从 ContainerFile 创建容器镜像································································.249
13.5.2　实训任务 13-5——从 ContainerFile 创建容器镜像 ······································.250
13.6　导入与导出镜像····························································································.252
13.6.1　镜像的导入与导出 ··············································································.252
13.6.2　实训任务 13-6——镜像的导入与导出 ·····················································.252
13.7　实训任务 13-7——课后项目实战·······································································.254
附： 第 13 章实训总评分 ·························································································.254