本书采用案例驱动、任务驱动、工程化实训等方法，理论与实践相结合，系统地介绍了使用Python语言进行程序开发的基本知识、相关理论、关键方法和技巧。
全书共7 章，第1～2 章介绍Python 编程基础知识，包括Python 编程环境搭建、数据类型、运算符、表达式、分支结构、循环结构、异常处理等；第3 章通过7 个编程案例，介绍了Python 在数学计算、信息管理和数据可视化等三个领域中的应用方法和技巧；第4 章介绍函数相关的概念和理论，并结合综合案例讲解函数在编程实践中的应用方法；第5 章介绍Python 面向对象的概念和理论，并结合综合案例讲解面向对象的项目开发方法；第6 章通过综合案例，介绍如何使用Tkinter 开发桌面应用程序的方法和相关技术，包括Tkinter 常用组件、窗口布局以及SQLite 数据库等。第7 章通过综合案例，介绍如何使用Django开发Web 应用程序的方法和相关技术，包括Django 的工作原理、Web 应用程序基本架构等。
本书适合作为高等学校各专业Python 语言程序设计教学的通用教材，也可作为Python 编程爱好者的参考用书。

祝畹瑾，北京大学外国语学院英语系教授，中国社会语言学学科开拓者。1954年毕业于北京大学西语系并留校任教，1989年晋升教授，1993年10月获评国务院政府特殊津贴，1997年4月退休。
1985年编译出版学科开创性文献《社会语言学译文集》。其编著的《社会语言学概论》获北京市哲学社会科学优秀成果二等奖，主编《新编社会语言学概论》被列为北京市高等教育精品教材

Python 不仅是一种编程语言，更是连接人工智能、科学计算和跨学科学习与研究的重要工具。掌握Python 语言程序设计，能够更高效地探索数据、构建智能系统，助力在不同领域中的创新。本书面向高校学生，按照《教育强国建设规划纲要（20242035 年）》中提出的打造培根铸魂、启智增慧的高质量教材要求，以应用性和实践性为主，采用零基础入门、循序渐进的方式进行编写，适合作为高校各类专业进行Python 程序设计教学的教材或参考书。
Python 语言由荷兰计算机科学家Guido van Rossum 在借鉴了C、C++、Unix shell 等著名编程语言优点的基础上开发创建，具有优雅明确简单的设计哲学特征，自1991 年第一个版本发布以来，历经多次版本迭代。凭借易于学习、拥有大量的支持库、可高效地开发各种应用程序等优势，Python 已被广泛应用于计算机程序设计教学、Web 开发、系统管理任务、科学计算、人工智能等领域。据TIOBE 指数统计，自2004 年以来，Python的使用量持续快速增长。得益于人工智能的迅猛发展，至2018 年，Python 已成为全球最受欢迎的编程语言之一。
本书编写组由从事近十年Python 语言程序教学的高校教师和企业一线的工程师组成，将教学经验、理论知识与应用实践相结合，经过多轮教学实践，终于完成了这本具有案例驱动、任务导向、工程化实训等特色的Python 语言程序设计教程。本书中的每个案例都经过编者的精心构思与设计，循序渐进地整合了不同层级和类别的知识点。编写过程中，编者坚持理论与实践相结合，采用工程化的方法将案例细分为不同的任务，激发读者的阅读积极性和完成某项任务的成就感。通过案例实践，读者不仅可以学到理论知识，掌握相关技术，还能在潜移默化中建立软件项目开发的整体意识，充分体现做中学、学中做的理念。本书知识结构层次分明，图文并茂，语言生动，通俗易懂。
本书共分7 章：第1 章概述，第2 章Python 语法基础，第3 章Python 基本应用，第4章函数，第5 章类与对象，第6 章基于tkinter 的桌面应用程序开发，第7 章基于Django的Web 应用程序开发。通过本书的学习，读者可以从一个编程小白开始快速掌握Python程序设计核心知识与技能，具备独立开发简单的桌面和Web 应用程序的能力，为后续将Python 应用于专业领域、解决专业问题、促进专业发展打下坚实基础。例如，数据工程专业的读者，借助本书所学，就能使用Python 编写数据分析程序；语言类专业的读者，基于本书的学习，能够开发自然语言处理与分析的相关程序。
本书由韩朝阳任主编，李彦会、韩曦航参与编写。本书初稿由韩朝阳完成，李彦会、韩曦航参与了后期的修订工作并对各章节习题进行撰写。陈瑛教授任主审。本书在编写过程中得到了上海杉达学院信息科学与技术学院领导和老师们的大力支持和帮助，本书的顺利出版与上海杉达学院教材建设项目资助、北京大学出版社的支持以及编辑的辛勤工作都密不可分，在此一并表示衷心的感谢！由于本书涉及内容广泛，编者水平有限，书中不妥和疏漏之处在所难免，欢迎广大读者批评指正。
编 者
2025 年7 月10 日

韩朝阳，上海杉达学院教师，研究方向为机器学习、教育信息化，具有15年企业专职软件开发工作经验，自进入高校工作后，主要从事本科阶段程序设计类课程教学工作，所授课程包括Python语言程序设计C语言程序设计Web前端技术等。曾主持3项校企横向合作项目，获得6项软件著作权登记，以第一作者发表程序设计类教学改革以及技术类论文多篇。曾指导学生获得大学生全国计算机应用能力大赛二等奖2项，并连续多年被评为全国蓝桥杯大赛优秀指导教师。

第1 章 概述 ································································································· 1
1.1 Python 语言简介 ···································································································· 1
1.1.1 Python 语言的优点 ························································································ 2
1.1.2 Python 语言的缺点 ························································································ 3
1.1.3 Python 语言主要应用场景 ··············································································· 3
1.2 Python 程序开发环境的搭建 ····················································································· 4
1.2.1 Python 解释器的安装 ····················································································· 4
1.2.2 PyCharm 的安装 ··························································································· 9
1.2.3 创建自己的第一个Python 程序 ······································································ 13
1.2.4 设置PyCharm 的主题 ·················································································· 19
1.3 Python 程序的基本组成结构与代码规范 ···································································· 21
1.3.1 Python 程序的基本组成结构 ·········································································· 21
1.3.2 Python 程序代码基本规范 ············································································· 21
1.4 获取Python 在线帮助的方法 ·················································································· 22
1.4.1 从Python 交互式窗口获得帮助的方法 ····························································· 22
1.4.2 从Python 说明书获得帮助的方法 ··································································· 24
1.4.3 从Python 官方网站获得帮助 ········································································· 26
课后作业 ·················································································································· 27
第2 章 Python 语法基础 ··············································································· 28
2.1 对象与数据类型 ·································································································· 29
2.1.1 对象 ········································································································ 29
2.1.2 数据类型及其分类 ······················································································ 30
2.1.3 数据类型对象的创建 ··················································································· 32
2.1.4 复合型数据类型对象的方法 ·········································································· 33
2.1.5 复合型数据类型对象中元素的访问 ································································· 38
2.1.6 与复合型数据类型对象相关的内置函数 ··························································· 38
2.2 运算符与表达式 ·································································································· 38
2.2.1 运算符及其功能 ························································································· 38
2.2.2 运算符的优先级 ························································································· 42
2.2.3 表达式及其运算结果类型 ············································································· 43
2.3 简单语句 ··········································································································· 43
2.3.1 常用简单语句的功能 ··················································································· 43
2.3.2 简单语句的书写规范 ··················································································· 45
2.4 转义符和格式化符 ······························································································· 46
2.4.1 转义符 ····································································································· 46
2.4.2 格式化符 ·································································································· 47
2.5 分支结构语句 ····································································································· 49
2.5.1 单分支结构语句 ························································································· 49
2.5.2 双分支结构语句 ························································································· 50
2.5.3 多分支结构语句 ························································································· 51
2.6 循环结构语句 ····································································································· 52
2.6.1 while 语句 ································································································· 52
2.6.2 for 语句 ···································································································· 53
2.6.3 使用continue 语句结束本轮循环 ···································································· 55
2.6.4 使用break 语句结束整个循环语句 ·································································· 56
2.7 异常处理语句（try 语句） ····················································································· 56
2.7.1 错误与异常 ······························································································· 56
2.7.2 try 语句的基本语法形式 ··············································································· 57
2.7.3 常见的异常类型 ························································································· 58
2.7.4 try 语句的使用方法 ····················································································· 59
课后作业 ·················································································································· 60
第3 章 Python 基本应用 ··············································································· 62
3.1 Python 在数学计算中的应用 ··················································································· 62
3.1.1 开发一个简单计算器程序 ············································································· 63
3.1.2 开发一个求一元二次方程根的程序 ································································· 65
3.2 Python 在信息管理中的应用 ··················································································· 67
3.2.1 开发一个简单通信录管理程序 ······································································· 67
3.2.2 开发一个单科成绩统计程序 ·········································································· 69
3.2.3 开发一个多科成绩排序程序 ·········································································· 71
3.3 Python 在数据可视化中的应用 ················································································ 75
3.3.1 开发一个绘制抛物线的程序 ·········································································· 76
3.3.2 开发一个绘制饼状图的程序 ·········································································· 79
课后作业 ·················································································································· 81
第4 章 函数 ······························································································· 82
4.1 函数基础 ··········································································································· 83
4.1.1 函数的基本概念 ························································································· 83
4.1.2 函数的基本语法结构 ··················································································· 84
4.1.3 函数的参数 ······························································································· 85
4.1.4 函数的调用 ······························································································· 87
4.1.5 变量的作用域 ···························································································· 88
4.2 自定义函数 ········································································································ 89
4.2.1 普通函数的定义与调用方法 ·········································································· 89
4.2.2 递归函数的定义与调用方法 ·········································································· 90
4.2.3 生成器函数的定义与调用方法 ······································································· 91
4.2.4 匿名函数的定义与调用方法 ·········································································· 94
4.2.5 自定义模块的构建与应用 ············································································· 94
4.3 内置函数 ··········································································································· 95
4.3.1 常用内置函数及其功能 ················································································ 95
4.3.2 内置函数format()的功能及其应用 ·································································· 96
4.3.3 内置函数open()的功能及其应用 ···································································· 97
4.4 标准模块中的函数 ······························································································ 100
4.4.1 random 模块中的常用函数及其功能 ······························································· 100
4.4.2 math 模块中的常用函数及其功能 ·································································· 101
4.4.3 time 模块中的常用函数及其功能 ··································································· 103
4.4.4 calendar 模块中的常用函数及其功能 ······························································ 104
4.5 综合案例 ·········································································································· 105
课后作业 ················································································································· 112
第5 章 类与对象 ······················································································· 114
5.1 面向对象的基本概念 ··························································································· 115
5.1.1 面向对象程序设计 ····················································································· 115
5.1.2 面向对象的三个特性 ·················································································· 115
5.2 类与对象的创建 ································································································· 116
5.2.1 类的基本语法结构 ····················································································· 116
5.2.2 与类定义相关的概念 ·················································································· 116
5.2.3 类与对象的创建 ························································································ 117
5.2.4 类与对象的应用 ························································································ 121
5.3 类的内置属性与内置方法 ····················································································· 125
5.4 派生类的创建 ···································································································· 125
5.5 综合案例 ·········································································································· 128
5.5.1 功能要求 ································································································· 128
5.5.2 pandas 模块 ······························································································ 129
5.5.3 读Excel 文件 ···························································································· 129
5.5.4 写Excel 文件 ···························································································· 130
5.5.5 绘制散点图 ······························································································ 131
5.5.6 绘制柱状图 ······························································································ 133
5.5.7 案例实现 ································································································· 135
课后作业 ················································································································· 142
第6 章 基于tkinter 的桌面应用程序开发 ························································· 143
6.1 tkinter 概述 ······································································································· 144
6.1.1 常用的GUI 库 ·························································································· 144
6.1.2 使用tkinter 创建一个窗口 ············································································ 144
6.1.3 tkinter 组件类型 ························································································ 145
6.1.4 创建组件的方法 ························································································ 146
6.2 tkinter 组件布局方法 ··························································································· 147
6.2.1 pack()方法 ······························································································· 147
6.2.2 grid()方法 ································································································ 149
6.2.3 place()方法 ······························································································· 150
6.3 组件的事件处理 ································································································· 152
6.3.1 事件类型 ································································································· 152
6.3.2 事件的绑定与处理 ····················································································· 153
6.4 组件的使用方法 ································································································· 157
6.4.1 标准属性 ································································································· 157
6.4.2 Label 标签组件 ························································································· 158
6.4.3 Button 按钮组件 ························································································ 161
6.4.4 Entry 单行文本框组件和Text 多行文本框组件 ·················································· 163
6.4.5 listbox 列表框组件 ···················································································· 165
6.4.6 Scrollbar 滚动条组件 ·················································································· 168
6.4.7 Radiobutton 单选按钮组件 ··········································································· 170
6.4.8 Checkbutton 复选按钮组件 ··········································································· 173
6.4.9 Menu 菜单组件 ························································································· 176
6.4.10 Frame 框架组件 ······················································································· 181
6.4.11 Toplevel 组件 ·························································································· 184
6.4.12 常用对话框 ···························································································· 189
6.5 综合案例 ·········································································································· 194
6.5.1 SQLite 基本使用方法 ·················································································· 194
6.5.2 桌面型通信录管理程序的开发 ······································································ 200
课后作业 ················································································································· 209
第7 章 基于Django 的Web 应用程序开发 ···················································· 211
7.1 Django 概述 ······································································································ 212
7.1.1 Django 的特点 ·························································································· 212
7.1.2 Django 的基本工作原理 ·············································································· 213
7.1.3 Django 的安装与配置方法 ··········································································· 216
7.2 创建Web 应用程序的基本方法 ·············································································· 217
7.2.1 创建Web 应用程序架构的基本步骤 ······························································· 217
7.2.2 模板语言的基本语法 ·················································································· 220
7.2.3 创建模板的基本方法 ·················································································· 222
7.2.4 创建视图的方法 ························································································ 224
7.2.5 设置路由的方法 ························································································ 224
7.2.6 运行Web 应用程序的方法 ··········································································· 225
7.3 客户端向服务器传递数据的方法 ············································································ 225
7.3.1 路由设计 ································································································· 227
7.3.2 案例实现 ································································································· 227
7.4 模型的创建与使用方法 ························································································ 232
7.4.1 ORM 的基本概念 ······················································································ 234
7.4.2 数据库与应用程序连接的配置方法 ································································ 234
7.4.3 模型类的创建 ··························································································· 235
7.4.4 使用模型类创建数据表 ··············································································· 237
7.4.5 使用模型对象操作数据表中数据 ··································································· 238
7.4.6 案例实现 ································································································· 242
课后作业 ················································································································· 246
参考文献 ···································································································· 247