感知识别技术是物联网工程的基础，它通过条（形）码、RFID、各种传感器或无传感器无线感测等技术，借助语音识别、图像识别等前沿技术，将物理世界的信号映射到数字世界。感知技术采集感兴趣的物理世界的数据，识别技术标识信息系统中的参与实体等。本书是一本关于物联网感知识别技术及其应用的专业书籍，它涵盖了以下主要内容：概述、条码技术、RFID 技术、传感检测技术、无线定位技术和智慧物流系统。本书适合高等院校物联网工程专业作为专业课教材使用，也适合其他相关专业作为选修课教材使用，还适合从事物联网相关工作的研究人员、工程技术人员以及对物联网感兴趣的各类读者参考阅读。

张载龙，南京邮电大学高级工程师、研究员、研究生导师，江苏省通信与网络技术工程研究中心副主任；IEEE会员，中国电子学会高级会员，中国计算机学会会员，中国通信学会会员，江苏省电子学会物联网专业委员会委员，中国民建江苏省委员会科教专委会委员，民建南邮支部副主委。主持/参加完成国家自然科学基金1项，863计划5项，国家科技支撑计划1项，江苏省科技厅自然科学基金2项、科技成果转化资金2项、科技支撑(工业)2项、高技术研究1项、科技招标1项，具有丰富的科研攻关、产品研发和产业化拓展经验，主持/参加横向软硬件产品(扫频仪、频谱仪、GSM中继站、CIMS系统、电信业务计算机综合管理系统等)研发项目13项。发表学术论文近50篇，SCI/EI索引17篇；申请发明专利23项，授权9项；获1项中国电子学会电子信息科学技术二等奖。主讲物联网概论、通信网络的移动性管理、物流信息技术、计算机与通信网络等研究生课程，物联网感知技术及其应用、无线定位技术等本科课程。目前的主要研究方向为：边缘智能技术、无线感知与识别技术、软件定义泛在移动自组织联网技术、自然资源监测技术等。

第1 章 概述························································································································.1
1.1 自动识别技术··········································································································.1
1.1.1 自动识别技术的基本概念··················································································.3
1.1.2 常用自动识别技术····························································································.4
1.2 传感检测技术··········································································································.9
1.2.1 传感检测的概念·······························································································.9
1.2.2 传感器和传感检测系统的组成············································································10
1.2.3 传感检测技术的起源与发展···············································································11
1.2.4 传感器的基本特性····························································································12
1.2.5 传感器分类与应用····························································································13
1.2.6 传感检测技术发展方向······················································································14
1.2.7 无线传感器网络·······························································································15
1.3 无线感测技术··········································································································16
1.3.1 无传感器无线感测技术······················································································17
1.3.2 基于Wi-Fi 的无传感器感测···············································································18
1.3.3 基于CSI 的无线感测技术的应用········································································19
1.3.4 实时定位系统···································································································20
第2 章 条码技术·················································································································21
2.1 条码概述·················································································································21
2.1.1 条码基本概念···································································································21
2.1.2 条码分类·········································································································23
2.1.3 条码的符号结构·······························································································25
2.2 常用条码简介··········································································································25
2.2.1 商品条码·········································································································25
2.2.2 物流单元条码···································································································29
2.2.3 二维码············································································································30
2.3 条码识别技术··········································································································34
2.3.1 条码识别技术原理····························································································34
2.3.2 二维码识别技术原理·························································································35
2.3.3 条码识别设备···································································································38
2.4 条码技术应用··········································································································40
2.4.1 条码技术应用环节····························································································40
2.4.2 二维码的应用···································································································41
第3 章 RFIF 技术···············································································································44
3.1 RFID 概述···············································································································44
3.1.1 RFID 定义·······································································································44
3.1.2 RFID 特点·······································································································44
3.1.3 RFID 系统组成和工作过程·················································································45
3.1.4 RFID 的优缺点·································································································47
3.2 RFID 标准化············································································································48
3.2.1 RFID 标准概述·································································································48
3.2.2 RFID 标准化组织······························································································49
3.2.3 RFID 标准体系结构··························································································51
3.3 RFID 读写器············································································································52
3.3.1 读写器工作原理·······························································································52
3.3.2 读写器天线······································································································54
3.3.3 读写器的发展趋势····························································································55
3.4 RFID 标签···············································································································56
3.4.1 标签组成及工作原理·························································································56
3.4.2 标签的分类······································································································57
3.4.3 双频标签和双频系统·························································································62
3.4.4 标签的发展趋势·······························································································63
3.5 RFID 与其他技术的融合·························································································64
3.5.1 RFID 与智能传感器技术····················································································64
3.5.2 RFID 与近距离无线通信技术·············································································65
3.5.3 RFID 与移动通信技术·······················································································65
3.6 RFID 应用···············································································································66
3.6.1 供应链和零售业·······························································································66
3.6.2 医疗保健和医院·······························································································68
3.6.3 交通运输·········································································································70
3.6.4 制造业············································································································71
3.6.5 跟踪················································································································71
3.6.6 其他应用·········································································································72
3.6.7 双频RFID 系统的应用······················································································74
第4 章 传感检测技术·········································································································75
4.1 传感器基础知识······································································································75
4.1.1 传感器的定义和组成·························································································75
4.1.2 传感器分类······································································································76
4.1.3 传感器的基本特性····························································································77
4.2 传感器的误差及分析······························································································79
4.3 常用传感器介绍······································································································80
4.3.1 电阻式、电感式和电容式传感器·········································································80
4.3.2 热电式传感器和光电式传感器············································································86
4.3.3 压电式传感器和磁电式传感器············································································93
4.3.4 霍尔式传感器和超声波传感器············································································97
4.3.5 红外传感器和光纤传感器················································································101
4.3.6 气敏传感器和湿敏传感器················································································104
4.4 无线传感器网络····································································································107
4.4.1 传感器网络应用·····························································································108
4.4.2 影响传感器网络设计的因素············································································.111
4.4.3 传感器网络通信体系结构················································································116
第5 章 无线定位技术·······································································································122
5.1 无线定位电波信号································································································122
5.2 无线信号传播环境与无线定位通信技术······························································123
5.2.1 无线信号传播环境··························································································123
5.2.2 无线定位通信技术··························································································125
5.3 基本参数估计方法································································································129
5.3.1 到达时间测距·································································································129
5.3.2 到达时间差测距·····························································································130
5.3.3 接收信号强度测距··························································································130
5.3.4 波达角测向····································································································132
5.4 距离测量优化········································································································133
5.4.1 距离测量数据预处理·······················································································133
5.4.2 距离测量优化算法··························································································136
5.5 位置估计方法········································································································138
5.5.1 测距定位方法·································································································138
5.5.2 非测距定位方法·····························································································141
5.5.3 扩展的位置估计方法·······················································································145
5.6 典型的无线定位系统····························································································147
5.6.1 GNSS ············································································································147
5.6.2 蜂窝基站定位系统··························································································150
5.6.3 5G 时代的定位技术·························································································154
第6 章 智慧物流系统·······································································································157
6.1 智慧物流的概念····································································································157
6.2 智慧物流的基本功能····························································································159
6.3 智慧物流的特点····································································································160
6.3.1 业务数据化····································································································161
6.3.2 业务数据化与数据业务化的协同演进································································161
6.3.3 深度高效协同·································································································162
6.3.4 高效执行·······································································································162
6.4 智慧物流支撑技术································································································162
6.4.1 物联网··········································································································162
6.4.2 云计算··········································································································164
6.4.3 大数据··········································································································165
6.4.4 人工智能·······································································································165
6.5 智慧物流···············································································································166
6.5.1 智慧运输·······································································································166
6.5.2 智慧仓储·······································································································167
6.5.3 智慧装卸·······································································································169
6.5.4 智慧搬运·······································································································170
6.5.5 智慧包装·······································································································170
6.5.6 智慧配送加工·································································································171
6.5.7 智慧配送·······································································································172
6.5.8 智慧信息处理·································································································173
6.6 未来智慧物流的发展趋势·····················································································174
参考文献······························································································································175