传感器技术及应用电路项目化教程（第2版）_钱裕禄主编_9787301362303

本书结合传感器技术的发展前沿及其在各领域的深入应用进行讲解，并围绕其专业方向进行拓展，以实际案例为载体进行编写。本书的编写思路是“模块化+项目化”，模块化突出的是以被测物理量为研究对象，每个模块由若干个项目组成，每个项目以某一个具体传感器应用设计为依托。本书的内容主要包括传感器技术应用综述、典型传感器及其应用（包括光电传感器、红外传感器、霍尔传感器、气敏传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、超声波传感器、数字式位置传感器等）和传感器技术在现代检测系统中的应用（包括现代检测系统简介、物联网中典型传感器的应用、工业机器人中的传感器技术应用、传感器在智能楼宇中的应用、汽车控制中的传感器应用）三大部分，共分14 章。本书嵌入了彩图、视频微课等二维码，凸显翻转课堂。本书可以作为普通高等院校电子信息工程、自动控制、电子工程、应用电子技术、电气工程、工业自动化等相关专业的教学用书，也可以作为相关行业从业人员的参考用书。

第1 章传感器技术应用综述 ························································································ 1 1.1 传感器的日常典型应用 ··························································································· 2 1.2 传感器的微型化 ···································································································· 6 1.3 智能手机中的传感器应用 ························································································ 8 1.4 无线传感器网络 ··································································································· 10 1.4.1 无线传感器网络简介 ···················································································· 10 1.4.2 基于射频识别的无线传感器网络 ····································································· 11 1.5 物联网应用概述 ··································································································· 12 拓展练习题 ··············································································································· 14 第2 章光电传感器及其应用 ······················································································· 18 2.1 光电传感器的典型应用 ·························································································· 19 2.2 光电效应及对应典型器件 ······················································································· 22 2.2.1 外光电效应及对应器件 ················································································· 22 2.2.2 光电导效应及对应器件 ················································································· 23 2.2.3 光生伏特效应及对应器件 ·············································································· 24 2.3 典型光电器件的项目化应用 ···················································································· 29 2.4 工程项目设计实例 ································································································ 41 2.5 合作研讨 ············································································································ 43 拓展练习题 ··············································································································· 45 第3 章红外传感器及其应用 ······················································································· 48 3.1 红外传感器的典型应用 ·························································································· 49 3.2 红外热释电效应和常用器件 ···················································································· 51 3.3 典型红外器件的项目化应用 ···················································································· 53 3.4 工程项目设计实例 ································································································ 66 3.5 合作研讨 ············································································································ 67 拓展练习题 ··············································································································· 68 第4 章霍尔传感器及其应用 ······················································································· 71 4.1 霍尔传感器的典型应用 ·························································································· 72 4.1.1 霍尔传感器在汽车中的应用 ··········································································· 72 4.1.2 霍尔传感器在家用电器和电动自行车中的应用 ··················································· 74 4.1.3 霍尔传感器在机械手限位控制中的应用 ···························································· 75 4.1.4 霍尔传感器在电流检测中的应用 ····································································· 76 4.2 霍尔元件与集成霍尔传感器 ···················································································· 77 4.2.1 霍尔元件 ··································································································· 77 4.2.2 集成霍尔传感器 ·························································································· 79 4.3 集成霍尔传感器的项目化应用 ················································································· 82 4.4 工程项目设计实例 ································································································ 86 4.5 合作研讨 ············································································································ 88 拓展练习题 ··············································································································· 89 第5 章气敏传感器及其应用 ······················································································· 92 5.1 气敏传感器的典型应用 ·························································································· 94 5.2 半导体气敏传感器 ································································································ 95 5.3 气敏传感器的项目化应用 ······················································································· 98 5.4 工程项目设计实例 ······························································································ 107 5.5 合作研讨 ·········································································································· 108 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 112 第6 章温度传感器及其应用 ····················································································· 115 6.1 温度传感器的典型应用 ························································································ 116 6.2 温度传感器及其工作原理 ····················································································· 119 6.2.1 阻式温度传感器 ························································································ 119 6.2.2 热电偶 ···································································································· 122 6.2.3 集成温度传感器 ························································································ 124 6.3 温度传感器的项目化应用 ····················································································· 129 6.4 工程项目设计实例 ······························································································ 132 6.5 合作研讨 ·········································································································· 133 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 135 第7 章湿度传感器及其应用 ····················································································· 139 7.1 湿度传感器 ······································································································· 140 7.1.1 湿度的表示方法 ························································································ 140 7.1.2 湿度传感器的分类 ····················································································· 141 7.1.3 湿度传感器的工作原理 ··············································································· 141 7.2 湿度传感器的典型应用 ························································································ 142 7.3 湿度传感器的项目化应用 ····················································································· 144 7.4 工程项目设计实例 ······························································································ 148 7.5 合作研讨 ·········································································································· 149 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 150 第8 章超声波传感器及其应用 ················································································· 154 8.1 超声波传感器的典型应用 ····················································································· 155 8.2 超声波探头及其基本工作原理 ··············································································· 159 8.2.1 超声波探头 ······························································································ 159 8.2.2 超声波探头的基本工作原理 ········································································· 161 8.3 超声波传感器的项目化应用 ·················································································· 163 8.4 工程项目设计实例 ······························································································ 169 8.5 合作研讨 ·········································································································· 171 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 174 第9 章数字式位置传感器及其应用 ·········································································· 177 9.1 常用的数字式位置传感器及基本工作原理 ································································ 178 9.2 数字式位置传感器的典型应用 ··············································································· 186 9.3 工程项目设计案例分析 ························································································ 191 9.4 合作研讨 ·········································································································· 196 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 196 第10 章现代检测系统简介 ······················································································ 200 10.1 传感器基础知识及接口电路 ················································································ 201 10.1.1 传感器的基础知识 ···················································································· 201 10.1.2 传感器接口电路 ······················································································· 206 10.1.3 接地问题与执行机构说明 ··········································································· 208 10.2 测量及误差的基本知识 ······················································································ 208 10.2.1 测量方法 ································································································ 209 10.2.2 测量误差 ································································································ 209 10.2.3 精密度、准确度和精确度 ··········································································· 212 10.3 现代测试系统概述 ···························································································· 212 10.3.1 现代测试系统基本结构与类型 ····································································· 212 10.3.2 现代测试技术的发展趋势 ··········································································· 216 10.3.3 现代测试系统应用示例 ·············································································· 217 10.4 基于虚拟仪器的检测系统 ··················································································· 219 10.4.1 基本组成 ································································································ 219 10.4.2 虚拟仪器检测系统的应用场景 ····································································· 220 10.4.3 虚拟仪器检测系统的发展趋势 ····································································· 222 10.5 检测系统中的计算机接口 ··················································································· 223 10.6 自动识别技术 ·································································································· 226 10.6.1 常见的自动识别技术 ················································································· 226 10.6.2 自动识别技术典型应用案例 ········································································ 231 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 234 第11 章物联网中典型传感器的应用 ········································································ 238 11.1 物联网中典型传感器的应用概述 ·········································································· 239 11.2 智能家居中的传感器 ························································································· 240 11.3 环境监测中的传感器 ························································································· 247 11.4 健康监护中的人体生理量传感器 ·········································································· 249 11.5 传感器网络节点典型方案 ··················································································· 251 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 257 第12 章工业机器人中的传感器技术应用 ································································· 262 12.1 不同类型机器人中的传感器应用概述 ···································································· 263 12.2 工业机器人中的传感器应用 ················································································ 265 12.3 常用的工业机器人传感器及其工作原理 ································································· 268 12.4 合作研讨 ········································································································ 279 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 280 第13 章传感器在智能楼宇中的应用 ········································································ 285 13.1 智能楼宇中的传感器技术典型应用 ······································································· 286 13.2 智能楼宇中的常见传感器 ··················································································· 295 13.3 传感器技术在楼宇智能化中的发展趋势 ································································· 298 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 300 第14 章汽车控制中的传感器技术应用 ····································································· 304 14.1 汽车传感器的应用概述及分类 ············································································· 305 14.1.1 汽车传感器的应用概述 ·············································································· 305 14.1.2 汽车传感器的种类 ···················································································· 306 14.2 汽车发动机控制传感器 ······················································································ 306 14.2.1 空气流量传感器 ······················································································· 306 14.2.2 曲轴位置传感器 ······················································································· 311 14.2.3 进气歧管压力传感器 ················································································· 313 14.2.4 温度传感器 ····························································································· 314 14.2.5 节气门位置传感器 ···················································································· 315 14.2.6 氧传感器 ································································································ 318 14.2.7 爆燃传感器 ····························································································· 320 14.2.8 车速传感器 ····························································································· 322 14.3 汽车车身控制传感器 ························································································· 324 拓展练习题 ············································································································· 327 附录A 实验 ·············································································································· 332 实验一 555 报警器电路的设计与制作 ·········································································· 332 实验二酒精检测报警电路设计与制作 ········································································· 333 实验三光电测试与报警电路设计 ··············································································· 335 实验四霍尔报警电路设计与制作 ··············································································· 336 实验五温度报警电路设计与制作 ··············································································· 337 实验六湿度报警电路设计与制作 ··············································································· 338 参考文献 ···················································································································· 340

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