CleanIntermittentCatheterization(CIC)isamethodofregularlyemptying

thebladderthroughtheurethraorbladderstomausingacatheterunderclean

conditions.Itcanpreventbladderoverdistension,treaturinaryincontinence,

andpreventkidneydamage.CICissimpletooperateandcanbeperformed

bythepatientthemselvesortheirfamilymembersinthecommunityorat

home.

In1972,LapidesandothersproposedCICforthetreatmentofneurogenic

bladder(NB),whichquicklybecamealife-savingtreatmentforpatientswho

couldnotemptytheirbladderautonomously.Aftermorethan40yearsof

development,CIChasbeenrecognizedbytheInternationalContinence

Society(ICS)asthepreferredtreatmentmethodforbladderemptying.With

thepopularizationofCIC,iteffectivelypreventsvesicoureteralreflux(VUR)

andkidneydamageandreducestherateofbladderaugmentationinpatients

withNB.However,inmanycountries,theapplicationofCICisnotyetwide-

spread,andtherearenotmanyliteraturereportsonCIC,especiallyinchil-

dren.TheEuropeanUrologicalAssociationhasrecommendedthatCICcan

startinnewbornswithNBvoidingdifficulties.TheCICmayaccompanythe

patientslife,startingearlyandgettingusedtoCICearly,whichhelpsthe

patientintegrateintosocietyassoonaspossibleandreducetheoccurrenceof

psychologicalproblems.InorderforpatientsortheirfamiliestomasterCIC,

relevanttrainingisveryimportant.However,thereisstillalackofspecialized

worksonCICinternationally.Thepublicationofthisbookfillsthegapinthis

field.

ThisbookelaboratesonthecontentandclinicalsignificanceofCICfrom

threeaspects:thebasicknowledgeandproceduremethodsofCIC,theclini-

calapplicationofCIC,andtheevaluationandfollow-upofCICeffects.The

bookincludesthelatestnewconceptsofCIC,suchastheapplicationofblad-

dersafecapacityandsafepressure,andtheclinicalapplicationofpartial

(morningandevening)CIC,andspecificallyelaboratesonthecontentof

childrensCIC.Thisbookisanimportantreferenceforhealthcareworker,

graduatestudents,undergraduates,especiallyurologists,pediatricsurgeons

(pediatricurology),rehabilitationandneurologymedicalstaff,andthose

engagedinurinarybladdercontrolandostomycare.Finally,Iwouldliketo

expressmyspecialthankstomyteam,mycolleagues,andgraduatestudents

whohavestudiedandworkedtogether(namelistisshownintheendof

Foreword).Ihaveconsultedalargenumberofdomesticandforeignrefer-

ences,combinedwithmanyyearsofvoidingdysfunctiondiagnosisand

1 ThePopularizationofCleanIntermittent

CatheterizationIsaHistoricalTrend..................... .

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2 KnowledgeofUrinarySystemAnatomy

IstheBasisofCIC..................................... .

3 ChoosingtheRightCatheterandRelated

ConsumablesIsaConditionforSuccessfulCIC............. 21

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4 CICCanBeWidelyAppliedClinically.....................31

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5 CICIsNotasTerrifyingandComplicatedasImagined.......39

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6 CharacteristicsofPediatricCIC..........................63

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7 Partial(MorningandEvening)CICforPatients

withPartialBladderEmptyingDisorders.................. 79

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8 CICCombinedwithUrinaryDiversionEffectively

ImprovetheBladderControl............................. 85

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9 CICAdjunctiveTherapyforSNMPatients.................91

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10 UrodynamicStudyandVoiding(Catheterization)

DiaryAreHelpfulforGuidingPreciseCIC................. 97

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11 TheApplicationofUltrasoundinCICCannot

BeIgnored............................................ 105

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12 CICProcessCannotIgnoreEffectEvaluation...............117

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