本书系统地介绍了面向工业软件的数字工程（DE）与基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）的理论体系、方法论、核心技术和工程应用，讨论了 SysML 建模工具的实现技术，内容涵盖需求模型开发、MBSE 工具开发、执行模型与行为仿真、规则定义与自动语法校验等多个方面，详细阐释了支撑 MBSE 的关键技术，通过理论描述与工程案例的结合，帮助读者全面掌握 DE 和 MBSE 的知识体系，并获得参考与启发。

于永斌 博士，电子科技大学信息与软件工程学院副教授，公安部信息安全等级保护高级测评师，四川省经济和信息化厅、科技厅、省人防办、省市场监督管理局大数据与人工智能专家，四川省大数据中心大数据标准化技术委员会委员。2013年9月-2014年9月，国家公派访问密西根大学安娜堡分校（University of Michigan，Ann Arbor），2016年9月-2017年4月，访问加州大学圣塔巴巴拉分校（University of California, Santa Barbara），获得"四川省海外高层次留学人才”。2016年，获电子科技大学第八届教学成果二等奖；2018年，获西藏自治区科学技术奖一等奖。2018年5月-2020年1月，选派到四川省经济和信息化厅大数据产业推进处，任职副处长。主持/参研国家自然科学基金8项、国家重点研发2项、装发预研1项、中国博士后科学基金1项、国家重点实验室基金1项、四川省（人工智能）重点研发1项和多项横向项目。现在主持科技部科技创新2030——"新一代人工智能”重大项目、工信部人工智能创新任务揭榜挂帅项目、国家自然科学基金面上项目、四川省人工智能重点研发项目。主要研究方向为大数据、人工智能、非线性电路与系统、超大规模集成电路的版图设计、现代控制理论及其应用等。近几年担任多个学术刊物（如IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems、Neural Networks、Neurocomputing等）的审稿人与国际学术会议的Co-chair，在国内外学术刊物发表论文127篇，其中SCI检索87篇；获软件著作权12项，授权国家发明专利18项，出版5部著作。

目 录
第 1 章 工业软件···············································································································1
1.1 工业软件的发展历程··································································································1
1.1.1 工业软件的源头 ·······························································································1
1.1.2 工业软件的发展动力 ·························································································3
1.1.3 工业软件的历史节点与重要事件··········································································5
1.2 工业软件的定义与分类·······························································································8
1.2.1 软件与软件定义 ·······························································································8
1.2.2 工业软件的定义 ·······························································································9
1.2.3 工业软件的分类 ····························································································.10
1.3 工业软件的基石·····································································································.12
1.3.1 数学是工业软件的理论基础·············································································.12
1.3.2 物理是工业软件的原理机理·············································································.15
1.3.3 计算机是工业软件的先进算力··········································································.16
1.3.4 工程学是工业软件的工程底色··········································································.19
1.4 国外工业软件········································································································.20
1.4.1 国外工业软件格局 ·························································································.20
1.4.2 北美工业软件态势 ·························································································.21
1.4.3 日欧工业软件态势 ·························································································.22
1.4.4 国外工业软件“卡脖子”················································································.23
1.5 国内工业软件········································································································.23
1.5.1 国内工业软件格局 ·························································································.24
1.5.2 国内工业软件态势 ·························································································.25
1.5.3 国内工业软件发展战略···················································································.26
1.6 工业软件的未来·····································································································.27
1.6.1 全球工业软件的发展趋势················································································.27
1.6.2 国内工业软件的发展重点················································································.28
1.6.3 工业软件新引擎是大语言模型··········································································.28
1.6.4 工业软件主战场是基于模型的系统工程······························································.30
1.6.5 工业软件主场景是数字工程·············································································.31
1.7 本章小结 ··············································································································.33
1.8 本章习题 ··············································································································.33
参考文献·····················································································································.33
第 2 章 数字工程············································································································.35
2.1 面向工业软件的数字工程·························································································.35
2.1.1 数字工程的实质 ····························································································.35
2.1.2 数字工程的定义 ····························································································.35
2.1.3 数字工程的内涵 ····························································································.35
2.2 数字工程全球发展态势····························································································.36
2.2.1 中国的数字工程 ····························································································.36
2.2.2 欧洲的数字工程 ····························································································.38
2.2.3 美国的数字工程 ····························································································.39
2.3 数字工程的背景·····································································································.40
2.4 数字工程的目的·····································································································.41
2.5 数字工程的构想·····································································································.41
2.6 数字工程的战略·····································································································.42
2.7 数字工程的目标和重点领域······················································································.43
2.7.1 目标 1：正规化模型的开发、集成和使用，为企业和项目决策提供信息 ····················.43
2.7.2 目标 2：提供持久且权威的真相来源··································································.44
2.7.3 目标 3：融入技术创新，提升工程实践·······························································.46
2.7.4 目标 4：建立支持性基础设施和环境，以促进利益相关者之间的互动、协作和沟通 ·····.47
2.7.5 目标 5：转变文化和劳动力，以采用和支持整个生命周期的数字工程 ·······················.50
2.8 本章小结 ··············································································································.52
2.9 本章习题 ··············································································································.52
参考文献·····················································································································.52
第 3 章 基于模型的系统工程··························································································.53
3.1 MBSE 是数字工程的基础和核心················································································.53
3.1.1 MBSE 以模型为核心载体，变革数字工程···························································.53
3.1.2 MBSE 集成融通多学科，提升数字工程······························································.53
3.1.3 MBSE 以数据驱动模型，赋能数字工程······························································.53
3.2 MBSE 的定义与发展历程 ·························································································.54
3.2.1 MBSE 的定义 ·······························································································.54
3.2.2 MBSE 的发展历程 ························································································.56
3.3 MBSE 方法论 ········································································································.57
3.4 主要 MBSE 方法论 ·································································································.59
3.4.1 RePoSyD ·····································································································.59
3.4.2 OOSEM·······································································································.61
3.4.3 SA ·············································································································.63
3.4.4 ISE＆PPOOA ································································································.64
3.4.5 Vitech MBSE 方法论·······················································································.66
3.4.6 OPM···········································································································.67
3.4.7 Harmony-SE ·································································································.69
3.4.8 ARCADIA ···································································································.70
3.4.9 SYSMOD·····································································································.72
3.4.10 MagicGrid ··································································································.74
3.5 本章小结 ··············································································································.75
3.6 本章习题 ··············································································································.75
参考文献·····················································································································.76
第 4 章 MBSE 数据互操作性规范——流程用例和数据交换标准 ·····································.77
4.1 产业与技术概览·····································································································.79
4.1.1 A＆D 行业的商业现实·····················································································.79
4.1.2 项目概述、假设和共同的 MBSE 愿景 ································································.79
4.1.3 供应商——协作、多种能力和语言 ····································································.80
4.2 MBSE 数据互操作规范 ····························································································.80
4.2.1 架构建模选项及其比较···················································································.83
4.2.2 SysML 图类型 ······························································································.83
4.2.3 ARCADIA 图类型··························································································.84
4.3 MBSE 用例 ···········································································································.85
4.3.1 整体 MBSE 过程 ···························································································.85
4.3.2 用例 1：SoS 和将功能接口转换为逻辑系统（UC1） ·············································.86
4.3.3 用例 2：定义系统操作场景（UC2） ··································································.87
4.3.4 用例 3：定义系统规范包（UC3） ·····································································.88
4.3.5 用例 4：预先安排验证和验证流程并共同开发行为模型（UC4）······························.90
4.3.6 用例 5：导出硬件/软件功能规范（UC5） ···························································.91
4.3.7 互操作性关键图类型的用例摘要·······································································.92
4.4 MBSE 互操作性解决方案评估···················································································.93
4.4.1 互操作性选项 ·······························································································.93
4.4.2 第三方能力的探索 ·························································································.93
4.5 本章小结 ··············································································································.95
4.5.1 MBSE 数据互操作性——替代方案和临时解决方案 ···············································.96
4.5.2 MBSE 数据互操作性——观察和问题 ·································································.96
4.5.3 前进计划 ·····································································································.97
4.6 本章习题 ··············································································································.98
参考文献·····················································································································.98
第 5 章 系统建模语言·····································································································100
5.1 SysML 概述 ··········································································································100
5.2 SysML 需求建模 ····································································································102
5.2.1 概述 ···········································································································102
5.2.2 图形元素 ·····································································································103
5.2.3 使用示例 ·····································································································105
5.3 SysML 行为建模 ····································································································108
5.3.1 活动图 ········································································································108
5.3.2 交互图 ········································································································115
5.3.3 状态机图 ·····································································································121
5.3.4 用例图 ········································································································124
5.4 SysML 结构及接口建模 ···························································································128
5.4.1 块定义图 ·····································································································128
5.4.2 端口和流 ·····································································································142
5.5 SysML 指标参数建模（约束块） ···············································································155
5.6 本章小结 ··············································································································158
5.7 本章习题 ··············································································································158
参考文献·····················································································································158
第 6 章 SysML 建模工具开发技术··················································································160
6.1 需求模型开发技术··································································································162
6.1.1 需求变更 ·····································································································162
6.1.2 SysML 需求关系追溯 ·····················································································163
6.2 工具化开发技术·····································································································165
6.2.1 Stereotype 建模技术·······················································································165
6.2.2 鹰眼（Eagle eye） ·························································································167
6.2.3 布局布线 ·····································································································170
6.3 工具可视化特定技术·······························································································181
6.3.1 基于 QCustomPlot 的可视化 ·············································································181
6.3.2 基于 QMouseEvent 的交互操作 ·········································································183
6.4 本章小结 ··············································································································184
6.5 本章习题 ··············································································································184
参考文献·····················································································································184
第 7 章 SysML 行为仿真技术·························································································186
7.1 SysML 活动图仿真 ·································································································187
7.1.1 活动图仿真目的 ····························································································187
7.1.2 活动图仿真执行 ····························································································188
7.2 fUML 抽象语法······································································································189
7.2.1 概述 ···········································································································189
7.2.2 语法包（Syntax Packages）··············································································191
7.2.3 通用结构（Common Structure） ········································································193
7.2.4 值（Values） ································································································195
7.2.5 分类（Classification） ····················································································196
7.2.6 简单分类器（Simple Classifiers） ······································································200
7.2.7 结构化分类器（StructuredClassifiers）································································202
7.2.8 包（Packages）·····························································································204
7.2.9 通用行为（Common Behavior） ········································································205
7.2.10 活动（Activities）························································································207
7.2.11 动作（Action） ···························································································211
7.3 fUML 执行模型······································································································218
7.3.1 fUML 执行模型的核心概念··············································································219
7.3.2 fUML 执行模型的语义、结构、惯例 ·································································219
7.3.3 fUML 执行模型语义包····················································································221
7.4 fUML 基础模型库···································································································221
7.4.1 一般情况（General）······················································································221
7.4.2 基本类型（Primitive Types）············································································221
7.4.3 基本行为（Primitive Behaviors）·······································································222
7.4.4 通用（Common）··························································································228
7.4.5 基本输入/输出（Basic Input/Output） ·································································229
7.5 fUML 基本语义······································································································236
7.5.1 设计准则 ·····································································································236
7.5.2 惯例 ···········································································································236
7.5.3 结构与行为 ··································································································237
7.6 本章小结 ··············································································································237
7.7 本章习题 ··············································································································238
参考文献·····················································································································238
第 8 章 SysML 的规则定义及自动语法校验····································································239
8.1 对象约束语言描述··································································································239
8.2 OCL 抽象语法 ·······································································································240
8.2.1 Types 包 ······································································································240
8.2.2 Expressions 包（表达式包）·············································································243
8.3 OCL 具体语法 ·······································································································248
8.4 OCL 约束与编译 ····································································································250
8.5 本章小结 ··············································································································252
8.6 本章习题 ··············································································································252
参考文献·····················································································································253
第 9 章 MBSE 实践········································································································254
9.1 基于模型的虚拟时间综合技术···················································································254
9.1.1 MBSE 实现的技术挑战 ···················································································254
9.1.2 基于模型的虚拟时间综合················································································255
9.2 国产自主的虚拟时间综合软件平台·············································································255
9.2.1 软件概述 ·····································································································255
9.2.2 设计目标 ·····································································································255
9.2.3 软件功能 ·····································································································257
9.2.4 软件应用场景 ·······························································································262
9.3 操作实践 ··············································································································263
9.3.1 虚拟系统功能架构建模···················································································263
9.3.2 虚拟系统动态行为建模···················································································264
9.3.3 虚拟综合分布式仿真 ······················································································265
9.3.4 虚拟仿真数据分析 ·························································································266
9.4 本章小结 ··············································································································266
9.5 本章习题 ··············································································································266