本书以破解贫困农户贷款难为靶向，总结破解贫困人口贷款难这一世界性难题的中国方案，提出扶贫小额信贷的顶层设计和制度安排，阐述了扶贫小额信贷政策创新要点、实施过程及主要成效，分析了扶贫小额信贷如何去除贷款门槛、提高资金使用效益和加强风险防控。

该书以破解贫困农户贷款难为靶向，创新提出扶贫小额信贷的顶层设计和制度安排；以助力打赢脱贫攻坚战为背景，深度阐述扶贫小额信贷政策的创新过程、政策要点、实施情况和主要成效；以贫困农户贷款、用款、还款全流程为主线，详细分析扶贫小额信贷如何去除贷款门槛、提高资金使用效益和加强风险防控，确保贫困农户“贷得到”“用得好”“还得上”；以金融扶贫制度创新为理论升华，全面总结扶贫小额信贷实践孕育的理论价值。

吴华，国务院扶贫办开发指导司一级巡视员。

Foreword /1

ChapterⅠ LoansforthePoor--AWorldwideProblem

Itisaworldwideproblemthatloansarehard-to-get, expensive and slow for poor population. Many countries have been trying to find the "key" to solve the problem. From the perspective of China's financial poverty alleviation practice, banks in the past more tended to design and provide financial products for non-poor groups, and there were few financial policies, products and services for poor rural households. The reason is that the poor rural households, financial institutions and government departments as the demand side, supply side and supervision service side respectively are facing various practical difficulties in docking the supply and thedemand.

Ⅰ.1"FourLows"ofPoorHouseholds /17

Ⅰ.□"FourWorries"ofFinancialInstitutions /□□

 

Ⅰ.3"FourDifficulties"ofGovernment Departments /□8

ChapterⅡ Innovation of Poverty AlleviationMicrocredit Products

In order to solve the problem of hard-to-get,expensive and slow loans for poor rural households, it is necessary for government departments to design scientific policies, make targeted preferential system arrangements, develop poverty alleviationmicrocreditproductswithlowthreshold,lowcostand goodservice,andencourageandguidefinancialinstitutionsto actively participate in poverty alleviation through policy measures,creatingavirtuouscircleforpoorruralhouseholdsto obtain the loans, make good use of the loans and repay the loans.

Ⅱ.  1PolicyDesign /35

Ⅱ.□Implementation /51

Ⅱ.  3PreliminaryAchievement /64

ChapterⅢ SolvetheProblemof"ObtainingtheLoans"

To solve the problem of hard-to-get, expensive and slow loans  for  poor  rural  households,  we  should  first  solve the

 

problemof"obtainingtheloans"forpoorruralhouseholds.The StateCouncilLeadingGroupOfficeofPovertyAlleviationand Development and other department□, □y adhering to the problemorientation,startedfromtheremovalofloanthreshold and loan restrictions, introduced innovative policies, scientifically designed products, and strived to solve the problemofloanaccessibilityforpoorruralhouseholds.Inthe process of promoting the implementation of policies, local governments innovate credit rating methods, scientifically determine the specific amount of loans for poor rural households, and build a three-tier county-township-village financial service system, so as to create conditions for poor ruralhouseholdstoobtainloansandfacilitatetheirusage.

Ⅲ. 1 Removing Threshold by Government Credit Enhancement / 73

Ⅲ. □  Setting  the LoanLimitby CreditRating /84

Ⅲ. 3 Improving Service by Departments Collaboration /96

ChapterⅣ Solve the Problem of "Making Good Use"

The fundamental purpose of innovation and development of poverty alleviation microcredit is to use credit funds effectively so astohelpthepoorruralhouseholdsincreasetheirincome

 

and get rid of poverty. After removing the threshold and restrictions of the loans for poor rural households and enabling them to obtain loans, only when we solve the problems of "where to use""how to use" and "how to produce the profit", can we ensure that the limited credit funds are used in the production development where they need most, which helps them increase their income and get rid of poverty, so as to  achieve the expected effect of the policy.

Ⅳ. 1  Defining the Purpose of theLoan /111

Ⅳ. □  Standardizing the Usage of theLoan /118

Ⅳ.  3  Improving the Use Efficiency oftheLoan /1□8

ChapterⅤ SolvetheProblemof"Repaying"

The poverty alleviation microcredit is a bank loan, whose principal and interest should be repaid on time according to the loan contract, instead of the poverty alleviation fund which can be used free of charge. Only if the loan can be "repaid", can the bank lend without worries, the people be at ease, and the government be relieved. Only in this way can the policy betruly stable and sustainable. In order to make the poor rural households able to repay the loan, we must make efforts in the dynamic monitoring of loans, prevention and early warning and classifiedhandling.

 

Ⅴ. 1  Based on Regulation andMonitoring /139

Ⅴ. □  Sticking to "PreventionFirst" /153

Ⅴ.  3  ValuingClassifiedHandling /16□

ChapterⅥ TypicalCases

After the introduction of the poverty alleviation microcredit policy, many typical examples have emerged. For example, at theprovinciallevel,AnhuiProvinceinnovatesthe"one-selfand three-cooperation " approach. At the county level, Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has taken a way of "relying on financial innovation to promote industrial developmentandrelyingonindustrialdevelopmenttoboostthe poor rural households' income". At the village level, Baogou Village, Yunyang District, Shiyan City, Hubei Province ha□ □roken the ice of rural  finance,  innovated  the  "new  six views" credit rating and granting method, and promoted the rapid development of poverty alleviationmicrocredit.

Ⅵ. 1 Poverty Alleviation Microcredit Case of Anhui Province / 169

Ⅵ. □ Poverty Alleviation Microcredit Case of Yanchi County / 193

 

Ⅵ. 3 Poverty Alleviation Microcredit Case of Baogou Village /□18

Chapter Ⅶ Innovation of Financial Poverty Alleviation System with ChineseCharacteristics

The function of financial policy instruments is a significant feature of the battle against poverty. Based on China' s reality conditions, poverty alleviation microcredit aims at the special group of poor rural households. Starting from the structural reform of the financial supply side, it not only strengthens the top-level design, but also encourages innovation at the grassroots level. It blazes a trail of financial poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics, leaving a strong mark for the innovation of China' s financial poverty alleviation system, and its value and influence are everlasting.

Ⅶ. 1 Innovation of Financial Poverty Alleviation System /□51

Ⅶ. □ Innovation Highlighting Advantages of Chinese Characteristics /□7□

Ⅶ. 3 Consolidating and Deepening the Achievements ofInstitutionalInnovation /□85

 

Appendix Operational Guidelines for Poverty Alleviation Microcredit /□93

Postscript /307

Afterword /313