This book adopted 76 abstracts and papers submitted by the delegations.The topics included identification，diagnosis，and population dynamics of nematodes， ecological regulation of nematode diseases， comprehensive prevention and control of nematode diseases，relationships between mic-robiome and nematode resistance，relationships between biological clock and plant responses to nematodes，application of omics of synthetic biology，transc-riptomics，genomics，and CRISPR/Cas gene editing.

　　The First Belt and Road Intemational Nematology Symposium（BRINS）was held in Xi'an，Shaanxi Province，China，from October 28 to 30，2019.The symposium was organized by the Chinese Society of Plant Nematologists （CSPN），State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests （SKLBPI），and Institute of Plant Protection，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences（IPP-CAAS）.
　　Themain leaders and guests attending and speaking at the opening ceremony including Prof. Larry W. Duncan （President of International Federation of Nematology Societies）from the University of Florida，The USA，Prof.Peng Deliang（President of CSPN），Prof Wang Guirong（Vice Director of SKLBPI），Mr.Zhan Rui（Vice President of Xi'an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shaanxi Academy of Sciences），and Mr.Cao Wenju（Vice Chairman of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology）.
　　The opening ceremony was moderated by Prof.& Dr.Chen Shulong（Vice President of CSPN）.More than 160 delegates including the representatives of agriculture-related pesticide enterprises and researchers from more than 70 scientific research institutes attended this conference.They came from The United States，New Zealand，Nigeria，Egypt，Thailand，Vietnam，Kenya，Pakistan，Myanmar， IPP-CAAS， Peking University， Zhejiang University， Hunan University，and China Agricultural University，etc.
　　This symposium focused on the present hot topics and challenges on the theory and application of the cross-border of plant nematodes，strengthened the international academic exchanges and collaboration on the comprehensive prevention and control of quarantine nematodes.Prof.Larry W.Duncan and Prof.Danny Covne from the International Tropical Agriculture Research Institute and other internationally-recognized experts presented special reports on the basic application and control technologies of cross-border of plant nematodes，nematode diseases-major threats to food and food security，and 44 famous experts and young scholars from China and abroad gave academic presentations， exchanged the latest research progresses， technologies， and achievements in plant nematodes，and discussed the research hot topics and challenges in the theoretically basic and applied technologies of plant nematology. Through this conference， the communication among plant nematologists in the countries along the Belt & Road was promoted，the academic exchange and cooperation among plant nematologists around theworld was strengthened as well.The symposium laid a great foundation for the international collaboration on plant pathogenic nematodes and cross-border of plant nematodes.
　　This book adopted 76 abstracts and papers submitted by the delegations.The topics included identification，diagnosis，and population dynamics of nematodes， ecological regulation of nematode diseases， comprehensive prevention and control of nematode diseases，relationships between mic-robiome and nematode resistance，relationships between biological clock and plant responses to nematodes，application of omics of synthetic biology，transc-riptomics，genomics，and CRISPR/Cas gene editing.
　　Thissymposium was sponsored by the Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi Academy of Sciences，and Shaanxi Society of Plant Protection，Bayer CropScience（China），and BrightMart CropScience Co.，Ltd.

It Takes a Village：Conservation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Current Occurrences and Integrated Management of Cyst Forming Nematodes in China
Occurrence Status of Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Shaanxi Province
Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Occurrence and Control of Dirylenchus destructor in China
The Fourth Dimension of Plant-pathogen Interaction：Circadian Clock
Nematode Research in Fiji，Cambodia & Myanmar
Plant Nematode Problems and Their Management in Thailand
Herbicide and Planting Density Impacts on Soil Nematodes Communities in Soybean Field
Plant-parasitic Nematode Problems in Egypt
Nematodes of Phytosanitary Potential and Their Impact on Food Security in Nigeria
Prevalence and Occurrence of Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Different Crop Varieties in Myanmar
Identification of Plant-parasitic Nematode Species in Cereal Growing Region of Kano State of Nigeria Using the ITS-5．8S rDNA Region
Interplay between Plant Circadian Clock and Biotic Stresses：From Arabidopsis to Soybean
Chemotaxis of The Second-stage Juvenile of Heterodera schachtii in Response to Different Compounds
Cold Acclimation Enhances Freezing Tolerance of Meloidogyne incognita Eggs
Development of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification assay for Rapid Detection
of Meloidogyne incognita，M．javanica，M．arenaria and M．enterolobii
New Morpho-ultra Structural and Molecular Insights of Spiral Nematodes （Hoplolaimidae：Rotylenchoidinae）from China
Discovery of Root-Lesion Nematode，Pratylenchus coffeae Infesting Sesame in China
First Report of Foliar Nematode（Aphelenchoides fragariae） Infecting Coprosma
grandifolia in New Zealand
The Investigation of Root-knot Nematode Disease on Kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province
Globodera artemisiae was Firstly Identified from Artemisia argyi in Gansu，China
Morphological and Molecular Identification of a Cyst Nematode on Maize in China
Morphology and Molecular Identification of a New Species of Heterodera
（Nematoda：Heteroderidae）from Microula sikkimensis in Cluna
Description of Cactodera eston/ca（Nematoda：Cactoderidae）from Southwest China
Description oflleterodera fici（Nematoda：Heteroderidae）from China
Morphological and Intemal Transcribed Spacer Sequences Variation Analysis of
Ditylenchus destructor Isolated from Angelica sine．nsis rn Gansu，Cluna