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头颈部临床解剖实物图谱(第2版)
随着临床医学的发展,许多原已明确诊断但被视为手术禁区的疾病,现已被突破,新的术式、微创手术也逐渐增多。临床应用解剖学实物图谱丛书更加贴近临床,为使该丛书能让从事临床外科不久的青年医生能提高应用效果,本书将以该部位临床*基础和*经典的手术为主导,选取适当的手术视角来呈现解剖标本,图文并茂,显示手术入路层次、器官的毗邻关系。同时丰富了一些高难度手术区域的解剖结构图及介入治疗相关的解剖结构。
临床解剖学实物图谱丛书第一版自2010年由人民卫生出版社出版以来,不仅为临床医生和解剖同行及医学生认识人体形态结构提供了新视角,也为临床开展新手术提供了很好的解剖学参考,受到了广大医生和解剖同行的认可和好评。 此次,应人民卫生出版社之邀,对临床解剖学实物图谱丛书进行修订再版,目的在于使解剖学内容与临床应用结合更加紧密,更好地为临床服务。因此,在广泛听取和吸收临床医生的意见和建议之上,我们对本丛书各分册从内容到编排上都作了较大的调整,并邀请各相关临床学科经验丰富的专家与解剖学老师担任共同主编和副主编,以便更好地把握本丛书的临床应用内容。 为了突出本书的临床应用特色,第二版新增加图片278幅。我们增加了外科常用手术切口的部位和手术入路层次,以便更好地为基层医院医生、年轻医生提供更加实用的解剖学知识。我们还增加了一些高难度手术区域的解剖结构图,例如在头颈部增加了蝶鞍区、海绵窦区、颈静脉孔区,以及颈内动脉、椎动脉在颅底的正常行程和毗邻等解剖内容,以期临床医生对这些区域的解剖有更深入的了解,并在此基础上敢于突破手术禁区,开展新的手术。此外,第二版还增加了介入治疗相关的解剖结构,以及部分内镜手术图、MRI图等,为临床医生提供更多的参考资料。 临床手术各种各样,但同一部位的手术涉及的解剖结构往往大同小异。因此,这一版我们未能按手术入路编排相关的解剖结构,依旧按照人体局部、区域或器官来进行编排,但在图片的排列顺序上力求做到符合临床应用的实际,读者可以根据手术部位查找相应的解剖结构。 为了规范解剖学名词,本书采用了全国科学技术名词审定委员会公布的《人体解剖学名词》(第二版)中规定的名词,但我们深知临床医生们喜欢的名词往往与解剖学名词有一定的差异,望读者们能自行克服这种不适应感。 虽然此次再版是在前一版的基础上进行的,但部分第一版编者由于种种原因未能参加再版工作,在此我们对他们以前的工作表示深深的谢意。此次再版,还得到了第二军医大学基础部领导的大力支持,对此我们表示由衷的感谢!尽管我们一直尽力将自己的所知奉献给广大的临床医生和解剖界同行,但由于水平有限,错误和不当之处恳请大家不吝赐教,以便在以后的再版中改正。 第一章头部 第一节概述 第二节颅骨 图1-1额骨前面观 Anterior aspect of the frontal bone 图1-2筛骨 Ethmoid bone 图1-3蝶骨前面观 Anterior aspect of the sphenoid bone 图1-4蝶骨上面观 Superior aspect of the sphenoid bone 图1-5颞骨外面观 External aspect of the temporal bone 图1-6颞骨内面观 Internal aspect of the temporal bone 图1-7下颌骨外面观 External aspect of the mandible 图1-8下颌骨内面观 Internal aspect of the mandible 图1-9舌骨 Hyoid bone 图1-10上颌骨外面观 External aspect of the maxilla 图1-11上颌骨内面观 Internal aspect of the maxilla 图1-12腭骨 Palatine bone 图1-13颅底内面观 Internal aspect of the skull base 图1-14颅底外面观 External aspect of the skull base 图1-15 颈动脉管(上壁后段打开) Carotid canal (the posterior part of the superiorwall was opened) 图1-16 颈动脉管(下壁打开)Carotid canal (the inferior wall was opened) 图1-17 颈动脉管外口External aperture ofthe carotid canal 图1-18 颈静脉孔骨间桥Bony bridge of the jugular foramen 图1-19颅前面观 Anterioraspect of the skull 图1-20颅侧面观Lateral aspect of the skull 图1-21颅后面观Posterior aspect of the skull 图1-22颅矢状切面(鼻腔外侧壁结构) Sagittal section of the skull(lateral wall of the bony nasal cavity) 图1-23鼻旁窦及开口Paranasal sinuses and their debouch 图1-24颅冠状切面Coronary section of the skull 图1-25新生儿颅Skull of the newborn 图1-26板障静脉Diploic veins 图1-27分离颅骨前面观Anterior aspect of the separated skull 图1-28分离颅骨侧面观Lateral aspect of the separated skull 图1-29分离颅骨后面观Posterior aspect of the separated skull 图1-30颞下颌关节Temporomandibular joint 图1-31颞下颌关节矢状切Sagittal section throughthe temporomandibular joint 第三节头面部的浅层结构 图1-32面肌前面观Anterior aspect of the facial muscle 图1-33 耳肌侧面观 Lateral aspect of the auricular muscle 图1-34 面部浅层结构左侧面观 Left lateral aspect of the superficialstructures of the face 图1-35面部浅层结构右侧面观Right lateral aspect of the superficialstructures of the face 图1-36面部皮肤血管铸型Vascular cast of the facial skin 图1-37面颊部穿支皮瓣Perforator flap ofthe cheek 图1-38面颊部转移皮瓣Transfer flap inthe cheek 图1-39面颊部皮瓣受区Recipient site of the skin flap inthe cheek 图1-40面颊部皮瓣的临床应用(术后) Clinical application of the skin flap in the cheek(after operation) 带血管蒂面颊部皮瓣移位修复鼻尖部缺损的应用解剖学要点 图1-41面部血管神经前面观Anterior aspect of the facial vessel and nerve 图1-42面部血管神经左侧面观Left lateral aspect of the facial vessel and nerve 图1-43面部血管神经右侧面观Right lateral aspect of the facial vessel and nerve 图1-44腮腺的形态、毗邻Morphology and adjacent structures of the parotid gland 图1-45腮腺与腮腺管Parotid gland and parotid duct 图1-46腮腺与面神经的分支Parotid gland and branch of the facial nerve 图1-47腮腺床浅层结构Superficial structures of the parotid bed 图1-48腮腺床深层结构(一) Deep structures of the parotid bed(1) 图1-49腮腺床深层结构(二) Deep structures of the parotid bed(2) 图1-50腮腺横切面A transverse section of the parotid gland 面神经阻滞术的应用解剖学要点 图1-51头皮血管上面观 Superior aspect of the vessel of the scalp 图1-52头皮血管神经前面观 Anterior aspect of the vessel and nerve of the scalp 图1-53头皮血管神经左侧面观 Left aspect of the vessel and nerve of the scalp 图1-54头皮血管神经右侧面观Right aspect of the vessel and nerve of the scalp 图1-55 左侧颞浅动脉 Left superficial temporal artery 图1-56头皮血管神经后面观 Posterior aspect of the vessel and nerve of the scalp 图1-57眶区浅层结构前面观 Anterior aspect of the superficial structures of the orbital region 图1-58眶上皮瓣Supraorbital skin flap 眶上皮瓣的应用解剖学要点 图1-59额颞部皮瓣Frontotemporal skin flap 图1-60颞区皮瓣Temporal skin flap 图1-61颞区手术入路切口(一)Incision of thetemporalregion(1) 图1-62颞区手术入路切口(二)Incision of thetemporalregion(2) 图1-63颞区层次结构Layered structures of the temporal region 颞区皮瓣的应用解剖学要点 图1-64颞枕皮瓣Temporo-occipital skin flap 图1-65右侧颞枕皮瓣X线片X ray of the right temporo-occipital skin flap 颞枕皮瓣的应用解剖学要点 图1-66耳后皮瓣Posterior auricular skin flap 图1-67左侧耳后皮瓣X线片X ray of the left posterior auricular skin flap 耳后皮瓣的应用解剖学要点 图1-68 枕大神经Greater occipital nerve 枕大神经阻滞术的应用解剖学要点 第四节面深部结构 图1-69 左侧颞肌和咬肌Left temporalis and masseter 图1-70翼外肌、翼内肌和颊肌 Lateral pterygoid,medial pterygoid and buccinator 图1-71上颌动脉Maxillary artery 图1-72左侧舌神经和下牙槽神经外侧面观Lateral aspect of the left lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve 图1-73左侧舌神经与第三磨牙 Left lingual nerve and 3rd molar 舌神经的应用解剖学要点 图1-74三叉神经内侧面观Medial aspect of the trigeminal nerve 图1-75 右侧下牙槽神经外侧面观Lateral aspect of the right inferior alveolar nerve 图1-76 下牙槽神经管内段外侧面观Lateral aspect of the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal 图1-77 下牙槽神经管内段内侧面观Medial aspect of the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal 图1-78三叉神经阻滞术穿刺进针点Needling point of the trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经节阻滞术的应用解剖学要点 图1-79上颌窦前壁结构Structures of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus 图1-80上颌窦黏膜外侧面观 Lateral aspect ofthe mucous membrane ofthe maxillary sinus 图1-81 额窦和上颌窦(前壁已打开) Frontal and maxillary sinus(theanterior wall was opened) 图1-82 上颌窦底与上颌磨牙牙根 Floor of the maxillary sinusand roots of themaxillary molars 图1-83翼腭窝的交通Communication of the pterygopalatine fossa 图1-84翼腭窝内结构内侧面观(一) Medial aspect of the structures inthe pterygopalatine fossa(1) 图1-85翼腭窝内结构内侧面观(二) Medial aspect of the structures in the pterygopalatine fossa(2) 图1-86翼腭窝内结构内侧面观(三) Medial aspect of the structures inthe pterygopalatine fossa(3) 图1-87翼腭窝内结构内侧面观(四) Medial aspect of the structures in the pterygopalatine fossa(4) 图1-88翼腭神经节Pterygopalatine ganglion 图1-89翼管神经 Nerve of pterygoid canal 图1-90 鼓索内侧面观 Medial aspect of the chorda tympanic 图1-91翼腭窝内侧观(示神经血管位置关系) Medial aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa(showing the positional relation of the nerve and vessel) 图1-92翼腭神经节和翼管神经内侧面观 Medial aspect of the pterygopalatine ganglion and nerve of pterygoid canal 图1-93眶下神经和眶下动脉内侧面观Medial aspect of the infraorbital nerve and artery 图1-94腭神经和腭降动脉内侧面观 Medial aspect of the palatine nerve and the descending palatine artery 图1-95鼻后外侧动脉内侧面观 Medial aspect of the posterior lateral nasal artery 翼腭窝内神经血管的应用解剖学要点 图1-96经上颌窦至翼腭窝上颌神经切除的手术入路外侧面观(左)Lateral aspect of excision of the maxillary nerve from the maxillary sinus to the pterygopalatine fossa (left) 图1-97 经上颌窦至翼腭窝上颌神经切除的手术入路外侧面观(右)Lateral aspect of excision of the maxillary nerve from the maxillary sinus tothe pterygopalatine fossa (right) 上颌神经的应用解剖学要点 图1-98 舌下腺和下颌下腺Sublingual gland and submandibular gland 图1-99 舌肌外侧面观Lateral aspect of the muscle of the tongue 图1-100 舌肌正中矢状切面 Medial sagittal section of the muscle of the tongue 图1-101 舌 Tongue 图1-102 左侧下颌下神经节Leftsubmandibular ganglion 图1-103面部皮肤动脉铸型前面观Anterior aspect of the arterial cast of the facial skin 图1-104顶颞部皮肤动脉铸型左侧面观Left aspect of the arterial cast of the parietal-temporal skin 图1-105顶枕部皮肤动脉铸型Arterial cast of the parietal-occipital skin 图1-106翼静脉丛Pterygoid venous plexus 图1-107头颈部静脉Vein of the head and neck 第五节眶腔结构 图1-108泪器Lacrimal apparatus 图1-109眶内结构上面观Superior aspect of the structures in the orbit 图1-110眼球外肌上面观Superior aspect ofthe ocular muscles 图1-111眼球外肌外侧面观Lateral aspect of the ocular muscles 图1-112眼的动脉上面观 Superior aspect ofthe artery of the eye 图1-113 眼的动脉下面观 Inferior aspect of the artery of the eye 图1-114眼动脉起于脑膜中动脉上面观 Superior aspect of the ophthalmic artery coming from the middle meningeal artery 图1-115眼动脉与视神经(一)Ophthalmic artery and optic nerve(1) 图1-116眼动脉与视神经(二) Ophthalmic artery and optic nerve(2) 图1-117眼动脉分支外侧面观Lateral aspect of the branches of the ophthalmic artery 图1-118 眶部动脉铸型Cast of the artery around the orbit 第六节脑 图1-119脑的底面观Basal aspect of the brain 图1-120脑的背外侧面观Dorsal lateral aspect of the brain 图1-121脑的顶面观Parietal aspect of the brain 图1-122端脑水平切Horizontal section of the brain 图1-123脑的冠状切Coronary section of the brain 图1-124脑岛Insula 图1-125大脑投射纤维Projective fiber of the cerebrum 图1-126豆状核、尾状核和丘脑冠状切 Coronary section of the lentiform nucleus,caudate nucleus and thalamus 图1-127内囊冠状切Coronary section of the internal capsule 图1-128 垂体下面观 Inferior aspect of the hypophysis 图1-129垂体冠状切 Coronary section of the hypophysis 图1-130 垂体瘤Hypophysoma 图1-131 鞍区结构上面观 Superior aspect of the structures of the sellar region 图1-132小脑幕切迹周围结构Structures around the tentorial notch 图1-133胼胝体上面观Superior aspect of the corpus callosum 图1-134胼胝体下面观Inferior aspect of the corpus callosum 图1-135大脑半球内主要联络纤维Principle association fiber in the cerebral hemisphere 图1-136脑切片染色(冠状面,蓝色-灰质)Cerebral section-staining(coronary plane, blue- gray matter) 图1-137间脑间连合Commissure betweenthe diencephalon 图1-138海马Hippocampus 图1-139穹隆柱和乳头体 Column of fornix and mamillary body 图1-140基底核上面观Superior aspect of the basal nuclei 图1-141基底核外侧面观Lateral aspect of the basal nuclei 图1-142脑动脉的来源Source of the cerebral artery 图1-143 脑血管起源 Origin of the cerebral vessel 图1-144 颈内动脉岩部右侧面观Right aspect of the petrosal part ofinternal carotid artery 图1-145 颈内动脉岩部下面观 Inferior aspect of the petrosal part of internal carotid artery 图1-146颈内动脉岩部和海绵窦部上面观 Superior aspect of the petrosal and cavernous part of internal carotid artery 图1-147 颈内动脉海绵窦段内侧面观(一) Medialaspect of the cavernous part of internal carotid artery(1) 图1-148 颈内动脉海绵窦段内侧面观(二) Medialaspect of the cavernous part of internal carotid artery(2) 图1-149 颈内动脉海绵窦段下面观 Inferior aspect of the cavernous partof internal carotid artery 图1-150 颈内动脉与蝶窦的位置关系 Positional relation of the internal carotid artery and sphenoidal sinus 图1-151海绵窦支(窦后壁打开)Branch of the cavernous sinus(the posterior wall of sinus was opened) 图1-152 颈内动脉CTA前面观 Anterior aspect of the internal carotid artery by CTA 图1-153 颈内动脉CTA左侧面观 Left aspect of the internal carotid artery by CTA 图1-154大脑动脉环(一)Cerebral arterial circle(1) 图1-155大脑动脉环(二)Cerebral arterial circle(2) 图1-156 椎-基底动脉系Vertebrobasilar artery system 图1-157脑底的动脉Artery at the base of brain 图1-158大脑半球外侧面动脉Artery on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere 图1-159脑血管背外侧面观Dorsal lateral aspect of the cerebral vessel 图1-160右侧大脑前动脉(一)Right anterior cerebral artery(1) 图1-161右侧大脑前动脉(二)Right anterior cerebral artery(2) 图1-162 右侧大脑前动脉(三)Right anterior cerebral artery(3) 图1-163 左侧大脑前动脉(一)Left anterior cerebral artery(1) 图1-164左侧大脑前动脉(二)Left anterior cerebral artery(2) 图1-165大脑前动脉与嗅束Anterior cerebral artery and olfactory tract 图1-166胼胝体缘动脉Callosomarginal artery 图1-167左侧大脑前动脉和大脑后动脉Left anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery 图1-168 大脑中动脉(一) Middle cerebral artery (1) 图1-169 大脑中动脉(二) Middle cerebral artery (2) 图1-170右大脑中动脉(一)Right middle cerebral artery(1) 图1-171右大脑中动脉(二)Right middle cerebral artery(2) 图1-172左大脑中动脉Left middle cerebral artery 图1-173大脑中动脉及其分支(一)Middle cerebral artery and its branch (1) 图1-174大脑中动脉及其分支(二)Middle cerebral artery and its branch (2) 图1-175脉络丛动脉Choroidal artery 图1-176脉络丛后动脉Posterior choroidal artery 图1-177豆纹动脉Artery of cerebral hemorrhage 图1-178 大脑后动脉 Posterior cerebral artery 图1-179左颈内动脉侧位动脉期Lateral position of the left internal carotid artery in the arterial phase 图1-180颈内动脉侧位实质期Lateral position of the internal carotid artery in the parenchymal phase 图1-181颈内动脉正位动脉期Normotopia of the internal carotid artery in the arterial phase 脑复苏的应用解剖学基础 图1-182中脑水平切面Horizontal section of the midbrain 图1-183 视神经、视交叉和视辐射 Optic nerve, optic chiasma and optic radiation 角膜对光反射的应用解剖学要点 瞳孔对光反射的应用解剖学要点 图1-184左侧硬脑膜的动脉Artery of the left cerebral dura mater 图1-185右侧硬脑膜的动脉Artery of the right cerebral dura mater 图1-186左脑膜后动脉 Left posterior meningeal artery 图1-187 硬脑膜血管Artery of the cerebral dura mater 图1-188 脑膜瘤Meningeoma 图1-189 上矢状窦上面观 Superior aspect of the superior sagittal sinus 图1-190蛛网膜粒上面观Superior aspect of the arachnoid granulations 图1-191窦汇和横窦后面观Posterior aspect of the confluence of sinus and transverse sinus 图1-192 海绵窦 Cavernous sinus 图1-193海绵窦左上观(一)Left superior aspect of the cavernous sinus(1) 图1-194 海绵窦左上观(二)Left superior aspect of the cavernous sinus(2) 图1-195海绵窦左侧面观(一)Left aspect of the cavernous sinus(1) 图1-196海绵窦左侧面观(二)Left aspect of the cavernous sinus(2) 图1-197左侧海绵窦内结构Structures in the left cavernous sinus 图1-198海绵窦右侧面观(一)Right aspect of the cavernous sinus(1) 图1-199海绵窦右侧面观(二)Right aspect of the cavernous sinus(2) 图1-200 海绵窦右上观Right superior aspect of the cavernous sinus 图1-201右侧海绵窦内结构Structures in the right cavernous sinus 图1-202 鞍膈Diaphragma sellae 海绵窦的应用解剖学要点 图1-203 大脑浅静脉左侧面观 Left aspect of the superficial cerebral vein 图1-204大脑浅静脉右侧面观 Right aspect of the superficial cerebral vein 图1-205颞叶下静脉与横窦左侧面观 Left aspect of the inferior temporal lobar vein and transverse sinus 图1-206大脑深静脉(一)Deep cerebral vein(1) 图1-207大脑深静脉(二)Deep cerebral vein(2) 图1-208颈内动脉侧位静脉期Lateral position of the internal carotid artery in the venous phase 图1-209侧脑室脉络丛上面观 Superior aspect of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle 图1-210脑室系统后面观Posterior aspect of the ventricular system 图1-211 上髓帆Superior medullary velum 图1-212脑室铸型Cast of the ventricles 图1-213 室管膜瘤Ependymoma 脑脊液及其循环的应用解剖学要点 第七节脑干和小脑 图1-214脑干腹侧面观Ventral aspect of the brain stem 图1-215脑干背侧面观Dorsal aspect of the brain stem 图1-216脑干右外侧面观Right lateral aspect of the brain stem 图1-217小脑前面观Anterior aspect of the cerebellum 图1-218小脑上面观Superior aspect of the cerebellum 图1-219小脑下面观Inferior aspect of the cerebellum 图1-220齿状核Dentate nucleus 图1-221小脑脚Cerebellar peduncle 图1-222左侧脑桥小脑角上面观Superior aspect of the left pontocerebellar trigone 图1-223右侧脑桥小脑角上面观Superior aspect of the right pontocerebellar trigone 图1-224小脑扁桃体与延髓后面观 Posterior aspect of the tonsil of cerebellum and the medulla oblongata 图1-225 基底动脉前面观(除去斜坡骨质)Anterior aspect of the basilar artery (the clivus was removed) 图1-226小脑动脉侧面观Lateral aspect of the cerebellar artery 图1-227小脑和脑桥的动脉前外侧面观 Anterolateral aspect of the artery of the cerebellum and pons 延髓腹外侧区血供的应用解剖学要点 图1-228 小脑的动脉 Artery of the cerebellum 图1-229小脑下后动脉Posterior inferior cerebellar artery 图1-230小脑下后动脉扁桃体支、蚓支Tonsillar and vermian branch of the posteriorinferior cerebellar artery 图1-231小脑扁桃体动脉(正中矢状切) Cerebellar tonsillar artery(median sagittal section) 图1-232小脑上动脉蚓支Vermian branch of the superior cerebellar artery 图1-233小脑上动脉上面观 Superior aspect of the superior cerebellar artery 图1-234小脑上动脉与三叉神经Superior cerebellar artery and trigeminal nerve 图1-235 听神经瘤(一)Acoustic neuroma(1) 图1-236 听神经瘤(二)Acoustic neuroma(2) 图1-237椎动脉侧位动脉期Lateral position of the vertebral artery inthe arterial phase 图1-238椎动脉侧位实质期Lateral position of the vertebral artery in parenchymal phase 小脑上动脉的应用解剖学要点 图1-239小脑延髓池后面观(保留蛛网膜) Posterior aspect of the cerebellomedullary cistern(the arachnoid was retained) 颅后窝外侧入路术的应用解剖学要点 第八节颅底结构 图1-240颅底结构Structures of the skull base 图1-241脑神经出颅部位Site of the cranial nerve departing from the cranium 图1-242颅前窝深层结构Deep structures of the anterior cranial fossa 图1-243 颅中窝结构上面观Superior aspect of the structures in the middle cranial fossa 图1-244 颅后窝结构后面观Posterior aspect of the structures in the posterior cranial fossa 图1-245颅底血管神经(硬脑膜已去除)Vessel and nerve of the skull base(the dura mater was removed) 图1-246颅底血管神经(眶板已打开) Vessel and nerve of the skull base (the orbital plate was opened) 图1-247椎动脉和基底动脉Vertebral artery and basilar artery 图1-248椎动脉颅内段后面观 Posterior aspect ofthe intracranial part of vertebral artery 图1-249椎动脉寰椎部 Atlantic part ofvertebralartery 图1-250 迷路动脉Labyrinthine artery 图1-251Ⅴ、Ⅶ-Ⅺ脑神经出颅部位 Site of the cranial nerve Ⅴ,Ⅶ-Ⅺ departing from the cranium 图1-252面神经鼓窦后段 Posteriorsegment of the facial nerve in the tympanic sinus 图1-253面神经膝Genu of the facial nerve 图1-254面神经鼓窦后段右侧面观 Right aspect of the posteriorsegment of the facial nerve in the tympanic sinus 图1-255左侧面神经颅内段和管内段上面观Superior aspect of the intracranial and intraductal segment of the left facial nerve 图1-256脑神经Cranial nerve 图1-257通过颈静脉孔结构右外侧面观 Rightlateral aspect of the structures through the jugular foramen 图1-258 通过颈静脉孔结构左后面观Left posterioraspect of the structures through the jugular foramen 图1-259 通过颈静脉孔结构右后面观 Right posterior aspect of the structures through the jugular foramen 图1-260 颈内静脉颅内段和颈段Intracranial and cervical part of the internal jugular vein 图1-261经过颈静脉孔前内侧的神经(椎动脉行程变异) Anteromedial nerve through the jugular foramen (with variant course of the vertebral artery) 颈静脉孔区的应用解剖学要点 第九节颞骨相关结构 图1-262外耳、外耳道和鼓膜(右) External ear,external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane(right) 图1-263中耳腔Middle ear cavity 图1-264中耳腔内结构Internal structures of the middle ear cavity 图1-265颞骨内部结构(沿岩部作冠状切开) Internal structures of the temporal bone(coronal sectioning along the petrosal part) 图1-266鼓室内侧壁结构 Structures of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity 图1-267听小骨Auditory ossicles 鼓室的应用解剖学要点 图1-268骨迷路位置外侧面观 Lateral aspect of the position of the bony labyrinth 图1-269骨迷路位置内侧面观 Medial aspect of the position of the bony labyrinth 图1-270骨迷路外侧面观 Lateral aspect of the bony labyrinth 图1-271骨迷路内侧面观 Medial aspect of the bony labyrinth 图1-272膜迷路铸型内侧面观 Medial aspect of the cast of the membranous labyrinth 图1-273内耳门区结构Structuresaround the internal acoustic pore 内耳的应用解剖学要点 图1-274颞骨冠状切(示中耳腔) Coronary section of the temporal bone(showing themiddle ear cavity) 图1-275颞骨在体冠状切(示外耳道、内耳道) Coronary section of the temporal bone in situ(showing the external and internal acoustic meatus) 图1-276颞骨内部结构冠状切(示岩部与脑组织位置关系) Coronal plane of the internal structures of the temporal bone(showing positional relation of petrous part and brain tissue) 图1-277颞骨岩部与颈内动脉、颈内静脉位置关系(内侧面观) Positional relation of the petrosal bone, the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein (medial aspect) 图1-278 颞骨岩部与颈内动脉、颈内静脉位置关系(外侧面观)Positional relation of the petrosal bone,theinternal carotid artery and the internaljugular vein(lateral aspect) 图1-279颞骨岩部与颈内动脉关系(示颈内动脉岩部)Positional relation of the petrosal bone and the internal carotid artery (showing the petrosal part of internal carotid artery) 图1-280颞骨与脑干、脑神经的毗邻关系Adjacent relation of the temporal bone, the brain stem and the cranial nerves 图1-281颞骨与脑神经的关系(左)Relation betweenthe temporal bone and the cranial nerve (left) 图1-282颞骨与脑神经的关系(右) Relation between the temporal bone and the cranial nerve(right) 图1-283颅内、外动脉铸型(颅骨左壁已打开) Cast of the intracranial and extracranial artery(the left wall of the skull was removed) 第二章颈部 第一节概述 第二节颈椎及其连接 第三节颈前外侧区的肌、血管和神经 第四节颈根部结构 第五节甲状腺 第六节喉与气管 第七节咽与食管 第八节项区和颈后区 中文索引 英文索引
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