本书系统地总结了我国20余年来焊接技术的发展及在各行业的应用，全书由技术篇、应用篇及综合篇三大部分组成。技术篇主要介绍了焊接基础理论及焊接技术发展方面的科研成果；应用篇主要介绍了焊接技术在各行业的应用及取得的成就；综合篇主要介绍了我国在焊接专业教育、国际焊接人员培训、焊接设备及装备、焊接材料、焊接标准、国内外学术交流、焊接出版及焊接专利等方面取得的成就。

On the occasion of the 70th IIW Annual Assembly & International Conference，Chinese WeldingSociety （CWS）edited and published the book Welding in China 1994—2016 in both Chinese andEnglish. This book is dedicated to the grand opening of the annual meeting of the International Instituteof Welding in China this year.This is China' s second time to host this “Olympic” event in welding industry since its first timeto convene such IIW event in 1994. To welcome the conference，the Board of Directors of CWSdecided to edit the book Welding in China 1994—2016 after several discussions. The purpose is tosummarize the development of welding technology of China in the past 22 years，to introduce the achievementsin welding industry after adopting Reform and Opening-Up policy to welding peers aroundthe world， to expand our influence in the international welding field and to promote ourtechnology towards the world.Under the leadership of four members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the ChineseAcademy of Sciences and CWS，a powerful editorial board was organized to write the Welding inChina 1994—2016. The writers are mainly composed of the Commission Chairmans of CWS andChinese Welding Association （CWA）. The experts are selected in the whole country and leadingenterprises are organized to participate. It takes two years to complete the large-scale editing and publishingwork.This book is divided into three parts and 32 chapters with a total of about 800 thousand words. Itsystematically introduces the development of welding technology and its application in various industriesin China during 1994—2016. The first part mainly introduces the basic theory of welding technologyand development results，not only including the new theory of traditional welding methodsand progress of new technology，but also covering the friction stir welding，additive manufacturing，all kinds of hybrid welding， energy -saving welding， welding in special environment， andnew welding consumables. The second part mainly introduces the application of welding technology.Many welding achievements in some industries have ranked in the forefront of the world，exertinggreat influence in the world and showing an irreplaceable role in the benefit of mankind and promotionof social development. The third part shows the achievements of China in the field of weldingpersonnel training，international academic exchanges， and innovation of welding technology. Thebook collects and summarizes the valuable data making it illustrated，informative，reliable and practicaland will play an important role in promoting the development of welding technology in Chinaand even in the world.The editorial board has invited more than 70 experts now working in all walks of life to compile，more than 30 experts to translate and over 100 experts to participate in the discussion. Numbers ofenterprises donate valuable pictures and technical data treasured for years to this book. In order to obtainaccurate data，specialized committees organized research，interviews and a writing forum as wellas collected materials through a variety of sources. As for the publication of this book，the secretariatⅤof CWS elaborately organized and the press staff edited the book in a relatively short period of time.The book embodies all staffs' pains-taking effort in editing，reviewing and proofreading，which isthe collective creation of welding engineers ' selfless dedication and hard work. On the occasion ofpublishing the book， I， on behalf of CWS， express gratitude and heartfelt thanks to all expertswho participated in the process of compiling，individuals and units who provided valuable data，secretariatof welding society who well organized the whole procedure and editors in the China MachinePress.There might be some deficiencies in the book due to the limited time in data collection and compiling.We look forward to receiving suggestions and criticisms upon this book from experts，scholarsand readers.Editor in ChiefProfessor Feng Jicai

Preface 
Section 1　Theories 
Chapter 1　Brazing，Soldering and Special Joining / 3 
　1. 1　General Introduction of Brazing,Soldering and 
Special Joining Technologies / 3 1. 1. 1　Technologies Development / 3 
1. 1. 2　Academic Activities of the Committee of Brazing,Soldering and 
Special Joining Technologies / 5 
　1. 2　National Research and Development 
Platform / 7 1. 2. 1　State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining / 7 
1. 2. 2　State Key Laboratory of Advanced Brazing Filler Metals and 
Technology / 7 
　1. 3　Applied Basic Research Results / 8 1. 3. 1　Some Representative Research Results / 8 
1. 3. 2　Monographs / 11 
　1. 4　Significant Technical Achievements / 11 1. 4. 1　Patents / 11 
1. 4. 2　Awarding Achievements / 12 
　1. 5　International Communications of Brazing,Soldering and Special Joining Committee / 16 
　References / 20 
Chapter 2　Weldability of Metal and Welding Consumables / 22 
　2. 1　Development Status of China’ s Iron and Steel Industry / 22 
　2. 2　Weldability of Materials / 25 2. 2. 1　Weldability of Alloy Structural Steels / 26 
2. 2. 2　Weldability of Microalloyed Steels / 26 
2. 2. 3　Weldability of Heat-Resistant Steels / 28 
2. 2. 4　Nickel-Base Alloys / 29 
　2. 3　Welding Consumables / 30 2. 3. 1　Welding Consumables Development Status at Home / 30 
2. 3. 2　Improvement and Development of Welding Metallurgy Theory / 32 
　References / 35 
Chapter 3　Methods and Equipment of Pressure Welding / 36 
　3. 1　Abstract / 36 
　3. 2　Research Progress in Mechanism and 
Techniques of Resistance Welding / 36 3. 2. 1　Novel Techniques of Resistance Welding / 36 
3.2.2　Mechanism and Techniques for the Resistance Welding of Novel Materials 
/ 37 
3. 2. 3　Numerical Simulation of Resistance Spot Welding / 38 
　3. 3　Development of Resistance Welding 
Equipment and Control Technology / 39 3. 3. 1　Resistance Welding Equipment / 39 
3. 3. 2　Real Time Control of the Resistance Welding Quality / 41 
　3. 4　Progress in the Research on Mechanism and 
Technology of Friction Welding / 43 3. 4. 1　Mechanism and Technology of Conventional Friction Welding / 44 
Ⅶ 
3. 4. 2　Mechanism and Technology of Friction Stir Welding / 45 
3. 4. 3　Innovative Development of Hybrid Friction Stir Welding / 47 
　3. 5　Development of Friction Welding 
Equipment / 50 3. 5. 1　Development and Application of Continuous Friction Welding 
Machines / 50 
3. 5. 2　Inertia Friction Welding Equipment Development and 
Application / 52 
3. 5. 3　Development and Application of Radial Friction Welding / 53 
3. 5. 4　Development and Application of Linear Friction Welding / 54 
3. 5. 5　Development and Application of Friction Stir Welding / 55 
　References / 57 
Chapter 4　Power Beam and Special Welding / 58 
　4. 1　Power Beam Welding / 58 4. 1. 1　Introduction / 58 
4. 1. 2　Power Beam Welding Basic Research / 59 
4. 1. 3　Material Weldability Research / 66 
4. 1. 4　Development of Power beam Welding Technology / 70 
4. 1. 5　Power Beam Welding Equipment Technology / 77 
　4. 2　Special Welding / 82 4. 2. 1　Explosion Welding / 82 
4. 2. 2　Ultrasonic welding / 89 
　References / 99 
Chapter 5　Welding Inspection and Quality Assurance / 101 
　5. 1　Research and Applications of Welding 
Inspection Technology / 101 5. 1. 1　Research and Applications / 101 
5. 1. 2　Application of Welding Inspection Technology in Typical 
Welding Products / 102 
　5. 2　Quality Assurance of Welding 
Manufacture / 105 5. 2. 1　Establishment and Development of Quality Assurance Systems / 105 
5. 2. 2　Application of the Standards for Quality Systems / 106 
5. 2. 3　Quality Assurance Promotes the Welding Manufacture to the 
World / 108 
　References / 110 
Chapter 6　Welding Structures / 111 
　6. 1　Introduction / 111 
　6. 2　Welding Residual Stress and 
Distortion / 111 6. 2. 1　Basic Theories about Welding Stress and Distortion / 111 
6. 2. 2　Welding Residual Stress Measurement of Thick-Walled 
Structures / 112 
6. 2. 3　Efficient Finite Elem