本书直观地讲解了线性代数这门学科,通过简单的线性方程组引出矩阵的基本概念和运算,详细介绍了向量空间、线性变换、正交性、行列式、特征值与特征向量等理论知识,以及其在统计学、计算机科学、物理学、工程学、经济学等领域中的应用。语言通俗易懂,示例丰富。每节都有大量习题。书中还有MATLAB教学代码,为课程教学和自学提供了全面支持。
吉尔伯特·斯特朗(Gilbert Strang),美国数学家,美国国家科学院院士,麻省理工学院数学系退休教授。他在有限元理论、变分法、小波分析和线性代数等领域均有卓越的成就。曾担任美国国家数学委员会主席、美国工业与应用数学学会主席。
作为全球高等数学教育界的传奇人物,他出版了包括本书在内的13部广受好评的教科书和专著,其开设的多门公开课程在互联网上的累计浏览量已达数千万次。
CHAPTER 1 Matrices and Gaussian Elimination 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The Geometry of Linear Equations 3
1.3 An Example of Gaussian Elimination 11
1.4 Matrix Notation and Matrix Multiplication 19
1.5 Triangular Factors and Row Exchanges 32
1.6 Inverses and Transposes 45
1.7 Special Matrices and Applications 58
CHAPTER 2 Vector Spaces 65
2.1 Vector Spaces and Subspaces 65
2.2 Solving Ax=0 and Ax=b 73
2.3 Linear Independence, Basis, and Dimension 88
2.4 The Four Fundamental Subspaces 98
2.5 Linear Transformations 110
CHAPTER 3 Orthogonality 123
3.1 Orthogonal Vectors and Subspaces 123
3.2 Cosines and Projections onto Lines 134
3.3 Projections and Least Squares 142
3.4 Orthogonal Bases and Gram–Schmidt 156
3.5 The Fast Fourier Transform 170
CHAPTER 4 Determinants 180
4.1 Introduction 180
4.2 Properties of the Determinant 182
4.3 Formulas for the Determinant 189
4.4 Applications of Determinants 199
CHAPTER 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 209
5.1 Introduction 209
5.2 Diagonalization of a Matrix 221
5.3 Difference Equations and Powers A^{k} 230
5.4 Differential Equations and e^{At} 242
5.5 Complex Matrices 256
5.6 Similarity Transformations 269
CHAPTER 6 Positive Definite Matrices 283
6.1 Minima, Maxima, and Saddle Points 283
6.2 Tests for Positive Definiteness 290
6.3 Singular Value Decomposition 303
6.4 Minimum Principles 311
6.5 The Finite Element Method 318
APPENDIX A Intersection, Sum, and Product of Spaces 323
APPENDIX B The Jordan Form 330
Matrix Factorizations 336
Linear Algebra in a Nutshell 338