海底地声参数反演是人类海洋研究活动中的重要组成部分，一直是海洋科学研究和海洋工程应用领域的经典研究课题。本书系统地介绍海底地声参数反演的相关理论与技术，全书共9 章，包括绪论、水声学理论基础、反演理论基础、基于声压场的海底地声参数反演方法、基于海底反射特性的海底地声参数反演方法、基于简正波模态频散曲线的海底地声参数反演方法、基于海底混响特性的海底地声参数反演方法、基于舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法和海底地声参数连续反演方法。本书既融入了著者团队10 余年来在海底地声参数反演方面的理论与技术研究成果，也纳入了著者团队在国内外重要期刊上发表的30 余篇论文，同时参考了少量国内外相关的研究工作文献。 本书对海底地声参数反演问题叙述详尽，对理论、方法与技术的分析力求系统深入，阐述深入浅出，便于读者自学。

杨坤德，博士，西北工业大学教授、博士生导师。“海洋声学信息感知”首批工信部重点实验室主任、国家级重点实验室副主任。长期从事海洋环境与海洋声学、水声信号与信息处理、水声系统设计、海上超视距信息传输等方面的研究，获国家技术发明二等奖、教育部科技进步一等奖、部级科学技术一等奖等，被授予长江学者特聘教授、卓青、国家万人计划领军人才、国务院政府特殊津贴专家等称号，荣获第三届全国创新争先奖。

目 录
第1 章 绪论 ·······························································································.1
1.1 海底地声参数反演的研究意义 ·······························································.1
1.2 研究历史与现状 ·················································································.3
1.2.1 国内外声学实验的历史与现状 ······················································.4
1.2.2 海底地声参数反演的研究历史与现状 ·············································.8
1.3 本书内容结构 ··················································································.16
第2 章 水声学理论基础 ···············································································.18
2.1 概述 ······························································································.18
2.2 水声学基本概念 ···············································································.18
2.2.1 海水声速 ···············································································.18
2.2.2 海水的声吸收 ·········································································.19
2.2.3 海底边界特性 ·········································································.19
2.3 常用声传播模型介绍 ·········································································.22
2.3.1 波动方程 ···············································································.22
2.3.2 射线模型 ···············································································.24
2.3.3 简正波模型 ············································································.25
2.3.4 抛物方程模型 ·········································································.27
2.4 沉积物声传播 ··················································································.28
2.4.1 流体模型 ···············································································.29
2.4.2 弹性固体模型 ·········································································.31
2.4.3 多孔弹性介质模型 ···································································.31
2.4.4 等效密度流体近似模型 ·····························································.34
2.4.5 典型海底模型 ·········································································.36
2.5 分层海底对声传播的影响 ···································································.37
2.5.1 半空间海底 ············································································.37
2.5.2 双层海底 ···············································································.40
本章小结 ·······························································································.45
第3 章 反演理论基础 ··················································································.46
3.1 概述 ······························································································.46
3.2 确定性海底地声参数反演理论与方法 ···················································.46
3.2.1 点估计反演基本理论 ································································.46
3.2.2 代价函数的选择 ······································································.46
3.2.3 优化算法 ···············································································.47
3.3 随机性海底地声参数反演理论与方法 ···················································.53
3.3.1 贝叶斯反演基本理论 ································································.53
3.3.2 采样算法 ···············································································.56
本章小结 ·······························································································.60
第4 章 基于声压场的海底地声参数反演方法 ····················································.61
4.1 概述 ······························································································.61
4.2 基于深海声影区声传播损失数据的贝叶斯反演方法 ·································.61
4.2.1 反演算法原理 ·········································································.61
4.2.2 实验设置与水文环境 ································································.62
4.2.3 单频点反演 ············································································.63
4.2.4 多频点反演 ············································································.65
4.3 海底地声参数和声源位置参数的同时求解 ·············································.68
4.3.1 浅海海底地声参数和声源位置参数的同时求解 ·······························.68
4.3.2 深海海底地声参数和声源位置参数的同时求解 ·······························.72
本章小结 ·······························································································.73
第5 章 基于海底反射特性的海底地声参数反演方法 ···········································.75
5.1 概述 ······························································································.75
5.2 基于深海可靠声路径海底声反射损失的海底地声参数反演方法 ··················.75
5.2.1 均匀海底的声反射损失和深海声传播特性分析 ·······························.76
5.2.2 分层海底的声反射损失和深海声传播特性分析 ·······························.79
5.2.3 海底地声参数反演 ···································································.81
5.3 基于深海声影区海底声反射损失的海底地声参数反演方法 ························.84
5.3.1 深海声影区海底反射波对声传播损失的影响 ··································.85
5.3.2 深海声影区声传播实验设置和声传播特性分析 ·······························.86
5.3.3 深海声影区海底声反射损失实验数据的提取 ··································.88
5.3.4 海底地声参数反演 ···································································.89
5.4 基于海底声反射损失的贝叶斯反演方法 ················································.91
5.4.1 海底声反射损失的计算方法 ·······················································.91
5.4.2 海底声反射损失实验数据的提取 ·················································.92
5.4.3 利用贝叶斯反演方法获得海底地声参数 ········································.95
5.5 基于海底声反射多途时延的贝叶斯反演方法 ·········································.101
5.5.1 海底声反射多途时延的计算方法 ················································.101
5.5.2 贝叶斯反演方法和后验推断算法 ················································.102
5.5.3 实验数据验证 ········································································.104
本章小结 ······························································································.108
第6 章 基于简正波模态频散曲线的海底地声参数反演方法 ································.109
6.1 概述 ·····························································································.109
6.2 简正波模态频散曲线的分离和提取 ·····················································.109
6.2.1 利用Warping 变换分离各阶简正波模态频散曲线 ···························.110
6.2.2 利用Hough 变换提取各阶简正波模态频散曲线 ·····························.111
6.2.3 典型浅海波导环境中的简正波模态频散曲线仿真分离 ·····················.112
6.3 基于简正波模态频散曲线的近距离单声源海底地声参数反演方法 ··············.115
6.3.1 代价函数分析 ········································································.115
6.3.2 参数敏感性分析 ·····································································.115
6.3.3 实验数据分析 ········································································.117
6.3.4 近距离单声源海底地声参数的反演结果 ·······································.119
6.3.5 反演结果验证 ········································································.121
6.4 基于简正波模态频散曲线的远距离双声源海底地声参数反演方法 ··············.122
6.4.1 代价函数分析 ········································································.123
6.4.2 参数敏感性分析 ·····································································.124
6.4.3 实验数据分析 ········································································.125
6.4.4 远距离双声源海底地声参数反演结果 ··········································.127
6.4.5 反演结果验证 ········································································.128
6.5 距离变化条件下基于简正波模态频散曲线的双声源海底地声参数反演方法 ····.130
6.6 基于简正波模态能量的海底衰减系数反演方法 ······································.134
6.6.1 反演算法原理和结果 ·······························································.134
6.6.2 反演结果验证 ········································································.135
本章小结 ······························································································.137
第7 章 基于海底混响特性的海底地声参数反演方法 ·········································.138
7.1 概述 ·····························································································.138
7.2 基于深海海底混响强度随时间衰减规律的海底地声参数反演方法 ··············.138
7.2.1 深海海底混响强度模型的建立 ···················································.139
7.2.2 深海海底混响强度对海底地声参数的敏感性分析 ···························.142
7.2.3 实验数据分析 ········································································.144
7.2.4 海底地声参数的反演 ·······························································.145
7.3 基于深海海底混响信号统计-物理特性的海底地声参数反演方法 ················.153
7.3.1 深海海底混响信号的统计特性 ···················································.153
7.3.2 深海海底混响时域信号的仿真 ···················································.160
7.3.3 海底地声参数的反演 ·······························································.162
本章小结 ······························································································.165
第8 章 基于舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法 ·········································.166
8.1 概述 ·····························································································.166
8.2 基于舰船辐射噪声的时频联合海底地声参数反演方法 ·····························.166
8.2.1 海底剖面声层析 ·····································································.167
8.2.2 海底地声参数反演 ··································································.169
8.3 基于近距离舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法 ································.173
8.3.1 环境噪声与近距离舰船辐射噪声垂直相干性的提取 ························.174
8.3.2 并行回火的跨维采样算法与自回归残差模型 ·································.178
8.3.3 反演结果分析 ········································································.179
本章小结 ······························································································.184
第9 章 海底地声参数连续反演方法 ······························································.186
9.1 概述 ·····························································································.186
9.2 序贯贝叶斯滤波理论基础 ··································································.186
9.2.1 状态空间模型 ········································································.186
9.2.2 卡尔曼滤波 ···········································································.187
9.2.3 序贯贝叶斯滤波算法在海底地声参数连续反演中的应用 ··················.188
9.3 基于集合卡尔曼-粒子滤波算法的海底地声参数连续反演方法 ···················.190
9.3.1 理论分析 ··············································································.190
9.3.2 仿真性能分析 ········································································.192
9.3.3 实验数据处理 ········································································.196
9.4 基于自适应粒子滤波算法的海底地声参数连续反演方法 ··························.202
9.4.1 理论分析 ··············································································.202
9.4.2 实验验证以及与历史数据的对比 ················································.204
9.4.3 与其他方法的连续反演结果对比 ················································.211
本章小结 ······························································································.212
参考文献 ···································································································.213