本书是结合近年来“机械制图”课程体系与教学内容改革成果，依据教育部高等职业教育文件精神，以“校企共编、岗课融合”为核心原则编写而成的特色教材。本书由高职院校教师与企业一线技术人员共同参与策划、编写与审核，深度融合职业教育“服务宗旨、就业导向、工学结合、教中学做”的理念，采用项目教学法与任务引领模式，强化机械图绘制与阅读的核心能力训练。书中结合企业工程实例讲解机械工程图样的绘制标准、理论及表达方法，所选实例和图例均源于生产实际。通过扫描书中对应二维码，可获取企业真实生产场景视频、典型零件三维模型动态演示、标准规范解读音频等拓展资源，助力学生理解知识点。本书可作为高等职业院校机械、电气、焊接等相关专业的基础教材，也适合企业作为提高一线技术人员识图、绘图技能的参考资料，参考学时数 64～100 。

薛慧，高级工程师，现任机电一体化教研室主任，从教20多年，先后讲授《机械制图》《AutoCAD》等课程，始终把提高教学质量作为追求的目标。在教学活动中，能从学生的实际出发，分层次施教，注重加强业务教学研究，积极开拓教学思路，把先进的教学方法及教学手段灵活地运用于课堂教学中。先后获得"河南省民办教育优秀教师”、"郑州市优秀教师”、"院优秀教师”、"最美教师称号”，曾获得院级"说课一等奖”、"河南省大学生高教杯先进成图与建模大赛优秀辅导教师二等奖”，辅导的学生获得全国绘图大赛三等奖、河南省团体一等奖，二等奖、个人一等奖、二等奖优异成绩。先后主编、参编教材多部，发表论文多篇、申请专利多项，主持参与省市及院级课题多项，参与企业技术服务多项。

绪论 ···················································································································.1
0.1 工程图样的内容及其作用·········································································.1
0.2 本课程的研究对象及学习本课程的目的·······················································.2
0.3 本课程的主要任务··················································································.2
0.4 本课程的学习方法··················································································.2
项目 1 手柄 ·······································································································.4
任务 1.1 抄画圆柱销零件图···············································································.4
1.1.1 绘图仪器及工具使用 ·········································································.5
1.1.2 机械制图国家标准的一般规定······························································.7
1.1.3 任务实施 ······················································································.16
任务 1.2 绘制手柄平面图形·············································································.18
1.2.1 等分 ····························································································.18
1.2.2 斜度和锥度 ···················································································.19
1.2.3 圆弧连接 ······················································································.21
1.2.4 平面图形的绘制方法 ·······································································.23
1.2.5 徒手画图方法 ················································································.25
项目 2 简单零件·······························································································.27
任务 2.1 绘制物体三视图················································································.28
2.1.1 投影法概述 ···················································································.28
2.1.2 物体的三视图 ················································································.30
2.1.3 任务实施 ······················································································.34
任务 2.2 绘制螺母坯三视图·············································································.34
2.2.1 平面立体 ······················································································.35
2.2.2 回转体零件 ···················································································.46
2.2.3 任务实施 ······················································································.57
任务 2.3 绘制三通管接头三视图·······································································.58
2.3.1 相贯体零件 ···················································································.58
2.3.2 任务实施 ······················································································.62
任务 2.4 读十字接头零件图·············································································.62
2.4.1 零件表面结构参数 ··········································································.63
2.4.2 尺寸公差 ······················································································.69
2.4.3 任务实施 ······················································································.72
项目 3 组合体 ··································································································.74
任务 3.1 绘制轴承座三视图·············································································.74
3.1.1 组合体 ·························································································.75
3.1.2 任务实施 ······················································································.78
任务 3.2 标注轴承座 1 的尺寸·········································································.80
3.2.1 标注尺寸的基本要求 ·······································································.80
3.2.2 组合体尺寸标注步骤 ·······································································.81
3.2.3 常见形体的尺寸标注 ·······································································.81
3.2.4 任务实施 ······················································································.83
任务 3.3 识读轴承座 3 的三视图·······································································.85
3.3.1 读图的基本步骤 ·············································································.86
3.3.2 读组合体视图的方法和步骤·······························································.87
任务 3.4 绘制轴承座的轴测图··········································································.88
3.4.1 轴测图的基本概念 ··········································································.89
3.4.2 正等轴测图 ···················································································.90
3.4.3 斜二轴测图 ···················································································.95
3.4.4 任务实施 ······················································································.96
项目 4 典型零件·······························································································.97
任务 4.1 绘制轴套类零件的零件图····································································.99
4.1.1 剖视图的概念和画法 ······································································.100
4.1.2 剖视图的种类 ···············································································.104
4.1.3 几何公差 ·····················································································.108
4.1.4 几何公差的标注方法及其含义···························································.110
4.1.5 绘制套筒零件图 ············································································.111
4.1.6 零件视图的选择方法 ······································································.113
4.1.7 断面图 ························································································.115
4.1.8 局部放大图 ··················································································.119
4.1.9 轴套类零件的视图表达····································································.120
4.1.10 从动轴表达方案···········································································.122
4.1.11 轴套类零件的尺寸标注与技术要求 ···················································.123
4.1.12 轴类零件的常见结构·····································································.126
4.1.13 分析轴的表达方案········································································.128
任务 4.2 绘制盘盖类零件的零件图···································································.129
4.2.1 单一剖切面 ··················································································.129
4.2.2 几个平行平面的剖切平面·································································.131
4.2.3 几个相交的剖切面 ·········································································.132
4.2.4 复合剖切面 ··················································································.133
4.2.5 剖视图的规定画法 ·········································································.134
4.2.6 视图的简化画法 ············································································.135
4.2.7 任务实施 ·····················································································.139
任务 4.3 绘制箱壳类零件图············································································.141
4.3.1 基本视图 ·····················································································.142
4.3.2 向视图 ························································································.143
4.3.3 局部视图 ·····················································································.143
4.3.4 斜视图 ························································································.146
4.3.5 箱壳类零件的视图表达····································································.147
4.3.6 箱壳类零件的尺寸及技术要求···························································.150
4.3.7 箱壳类零件上常见小孔的标注···························································.151
4.3.8 铸造工艺结构 ···············································································.152
4.3.9 任务实施 ·····················································································.154
任务 4.4 叉架类零件的表达方法······································································.157
4.4.1 叉架零件的视图表达特点·································································.157
4.4.2 任务实施 ·····················································································.157
4.4.3 读拨叉零件图 ···············································································.158
任务 4.5 测绘端盖零件图···············································································.160
4.5.1 分析零件、绘制零件草图·································································.161
4.5.2 画正图 ························································································.162
4.5.3 零件测绘时的注意事项····································································.163
4.5.4 测量工具的使用方法 ······································································.163
项目 5 直齿圆柱齿轮减速器 ··············································································.166
任务 5.1 绘制螺纹连接图···············································································.167
5.1.1 螺纹的形成 ··················································································.168
5.1.2 螺纹的要素 ··················································································.169
5.1.3 螺纹的种类及标注 ·········································································.170
5.1.4 螺纹连接的画法 ············································································.173
5.1.5 常用螺纹紧固件的种类····································································.175
5.1.6 螺纹紧固件的规定标记····································································.175
5.1.7 常用螺纹紧固件连接的画法······························································.176
任务 5.2 绘制直齿圆柱齿轮工作图···································································.180
5.2.1 圆柱齿轮 ·····················································································.180
5.2.2 任务实施 ·····················································································.183
任务 5.3 绘制键连接图··················································································.184
5.3.1 键的作用和种类 ············································································.184
5.3.2 平键连接 ·····················································································.185
任务 5.4 绘制销连接图··················································································.188
5.4.1 销的种类及作用 ············································································.188
5.4.2 销连接画法及标记 ·········································································.188
5.4.3 任务实施 ·····················································································.189
任务 5.5 绘制滚动轴承图···············································································.190
5.5.1 滚动轴承的结构和类型····································································.190
5.5.2 滚动轴承的代号（GB/T 272—1993）··················································.191
5.5.3 滚动轴承的画法 ············································································.192
任务 5.6 弹簧······························································································.195
5.6.1 弹簧的作用和种类 ·········································································.195
5.6.2 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧的基本尺寸···························································.195
5.6.3 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧的规定画法···························································.196
项目 6 千斤顶和滑动轴承··················································································.198
任务 6.1 绘制千斤顶装配图············································································.199
6.1.1 装配图的作用 ···············································································.200
6.1.2 装配图的内容 ···············································································.200
6.1.3 装配图表达方案的选择····································································.200
6.1.4 装配图的规定画法 ·········································································.201
6.1.5 装配图的特殊表达方法····································································.202
6.1.6 装配图中的零部件序号和明细栏及技术要求·········································.205
6.1.7 绘制装配图的方法和步骤·································································.206
6.1.8 千斤顶装配图的表达方案·································································.206
6.1.9 任务实施 ·····················································································.207
任务 6.2 绘制滑动轴承装配图·········································································.208
6.2.1 分析滑动轴承结构 ·········································································.209
6.2.2 确定表达方案 ···············································································.209
6.2.3 任务实施 ·····················································································.210
项目 7 球阀 ····································································································.212
任务 7.1 球阀装配图的尺寸标注······································································.213
7.1.1 装配图的尺寸标注 ·········································································.213
7.1.2 配合的基本概念 ············································································.214
7.1.3 尺寸公差的识读与查表····································································.218
任务 7.2 球阀部件的测绘···············································································.219
7.2.1 装配工艺结构 ···············································································.219
7.2.2 部件测绘 ·····················································································.222
项目 8 机用虎钳······························································································.230
任务 8.1 读机用虎钳装配图············································································.230
8.1.1 读装配图的要求 ············································································.231
8.1.2 读装配图的方法和步骤····································································.231
任务 8.2 由机用虎钳装配图拆画零件图·····························································.233
8.2.1 拆画零件图的要求 ·········································································.233
8.2.2 拆画零件图的步骤和注意事项···························································.233
8.2.3 拆画螺杆、螺母零件图····································································.235
项目 9 机械图样识读训练··················································································.236
任务 9.1 读泵盖零件图··················································································.236
任务 9.2 读支架零件图··················································································.238
任务 9.3 读铣刀头装配图···············································································.239
任务 9.4 读齿轮泵装配图···············································································.241
附录 A ·············································································································.245