尼·斯特拉霍夫是对19世纪俄国文学影响深远的思想家、政论家。他对普希金、屠格涅夫、赫尔岑、陀思妥耶夫斯基、托尔斯泰等人的解读很大影响了后世对这些经典作家的评价。他的《关于普希金的札记及其他诗人》《赫尔岑的文学活动》、关于《罪与罚》、关于《战争与和平》的批评四部曲,对普希金创作中的别尔金传统、赫尔岑对西方的绝望以及对俄罗斯的回归、托尔斯泰创作中的俄罗斯人形象等等,都做了新的阐释,大大丰富了我们对19世纪俄国文学经典的认知。而因为我国俄苏文学译介的历史原因,经典作家被推上前台,斯特拉霍夫的文学批评却久被遗忘。本著对斯特拉霍夫的思想再探索,是因为他认识到了19世纪俄国文学批评保守的一面,坚持对虚无主义的反驳,坚持对俄国文化民族特性的开掘,而这对于我们思考文化的交融与爆发中,如何对接民族文化特质,有着极大启发。
朱建刚
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朱建刚,苏州大学外国语学院教授,博士生导师。莫斯科国立大学语文系访问学者(2012-2013);俄罗斯科学院高尔基世界文学研究所访问学者(2017-2018),著有《普罗米修斯的“堕落”:俄国文学知识分子形象研究》(人民文学出版社,2006年),国家社科基金成果文库《十九世纪下半期俄国反虚无主义文学研究》(北京大学出版社,2015年)等作品。
导论·······································································································1
第一节 斯特拉霍夫生平···································································2
第二节 国内外研究现状··································································14
第三节 研究的意义及思路······························································46
第一章 文学批评主题之一:斯特拉霍夫与俄国反虚无主义···············49
第一节 作为思想背景的俄国虚无主义··············································49
第二节 斯特拉霍夫的反虚无主义观及其发展····································51
第三节 斯特拉霍夫反虚无主义的来源··············································56
第二章 文学批评主题之二:斯特拉霍夫论俄国民族文化特性···········61
第一节 《致命的问题》及其影响·····················································61
第二节 民族的还是世界的——与弗拉基米尔·索洛维约夫的争论·······68
第三章 戏仿与文学传统——斯特拉霍夫论普希金····························85
第一节 斯特拉霍夫的普希金研究·····················································86
第二节 斯特拉霍夫普希金研究的背景··············································92
第三节 斯特拉霍夫普希金研究的根源及影响····································97
第四章 一位西欧派的没落——斯特拉霍夫论屠格涅夫····················103
第一节 关于《父与子》································································104
第二节 关于《烟》及其他····························································109
第三节 《屠格涅夫的最新作品》及《关于屠格涅夫的追思会》········116
第五章 另一位西欧派的回归——斯特拉霍夫论赫尔岑····················123
第一节 斯特拉霍夫论赫尔岑·························································124
第二节 赫尔岑与虚无主义者的出路···············································130
第三节 《赫尔岑》的影响····························································134
第六章 论斯特拉霍夫对陀思妥耶夫斯基的阐释······························141
第一节 关于《罪与罚》的评论······················································143
第二节 真正的虚无主义者与苦难···················································147
第三节 真实与幻想性:关于《白痴》的争论··································155
第四节 病态与狂热:斯特拉霍夫的盖棺论定··································163
第七章 生命意识与民族根基:斯特拉霍夫对托尔斯泰的阐释··········167
第一节 从相识到相知···································································168
第二节 斯特拉霍夫对托尔斯泰早期作品的评论·······························173
第三节 对《战争与和平》(1863—1869)的阐释····························179
第四节 对《安娜·卡列尼娜》(1873—1877)的意见及阐释············191
第五节 未完成的对话——斯特拉霍夫与托尔斯泰的争论··················202
第八章 斯特拉霍夫事件及其意义··················································219
第一节 陀思妥耶夫斯基与斯特拉霍夫············································221
第二节 第三者:托尔斯泰····························································225
第三节 独白与对话之争································································231
结语: 斯特拉霍夫文学批评的准则、意义及其他······························235
第一节 批评的准则······································································238
第二节 批评的意义······································································243
第三节 批评的局限性···································································247
参考文献······················································································253
斯特拉霍夫生平简历·····································································266
附录: 斯特拉霍夫论托尔斯泰《战争与和平》四部曲译文·················270
后记····························································································380