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世界大师原典文库:论美国的民主(套装上下册)
《世界大师原典文库:论美国的民主(套装上下册)》是世界学术界第一部对美国社会、政治制度和民情进行社会学研究的著作,也是第一部论述民主制度的专著,19世纪最著名的社会学著作之一。上卷的第一部分讲述美国的政治制度,第二部分对美国的民主进行社会学的分析。下卷分四个部分,以美国为背景发挥其政治哲学和政治社会学思想。
亚历克西·德·托克维尔(1805-1859),法国历史学家、社会学家。出身贵族世家,经历过五个“朝代”。早期热心于政治,1838年出任众议院议员,1848年二月革命后参与制订第二共和国宪法,1849年出任外交部长。1851年路易·波拿巴建立第二帝国,托克维尔对政治日益失望,逐渐淡出政治舞台,并意识到自己“擅长思想胜于行动”。主要代表作有《论美国的民主》、《旧制度与大革命》。
Volume 1
上卷导读 Introductory Chapter Chapter I Exterior Form of North America Chapter Ⅱ Origin of the Anglo-Americans Chapter Ⅲ Social Conditions of the Anglo-Americans Chapter Ⅳ The Principle of the Sovereignty of the People in America Chapter Ⅴ Necessity of Examining the Condition of the States Chapter Ⅵ Judicial Power in the United States Chapter Ⅶ Political Jurisdiction in the United States Chapter Ⅷ The Federal Constitution Chapter Ⅸ Why the People May Strictly Be Said to Govern in the United States Chapter Ⅹ Parties in the United States Chapter Ⅺ Liberty of the Press in the United States Chapter Ⅻ Political Associations in the United States Chapter ⅫⅠ Government of the Democracy in America Chapter ⅩⅣ Advantages American Society Derive from Democracy Chapter ⅩⅤ Unlimited Power of Majority, and Its Consequences Chapter ⅩⅥ Causes Mitigating Tyranny in the United States Chapter ⅩⅦ Principal Causes Maintaining the Democratic Republic Chapter ⅩⅧ Future Condition of Three Races in the United States Conclusion Volume 2 下卷 导读 De Tocqueville’s Praface to the Second Volume Book One Influence of Democracy on the Progress of Opinion in the United States Chapter I Philosophical Method Among the Americans Chapter Ⅱ Of the Principal Source of Belief Among Democratic Nations Chapter Ⅲ Why the Americans Display More Readiness and More Taste for General Ideas Than Their Forefathers, the English Chapter Ⅳ Why the Americans Have Never Been So Eager as the French for General Ideas in Political Matters Chapter Ⅴ Of the Manner in Which Religion in the United States Avails Itself of Democratic Tendencies Chapter Ⅵ Of the Progress of Roman Catholicism in the United States Chapter Ⅶ Of the Cause of a Leaning to Pantheism Amongst Democratic Nations Chapter Ⅷ The Principle of Equality Suggests to the Americans the Idea of the Indefinite Perfectibility of Man Chapter Ⅸ The Example of the Americans Does Not Prove That a Democratic People Can Have No Aptitude and No Taste for Science, Literature, or Art Chapter Ⅹ Why the Americans Are More Addicted to Practical Than to Theoretical Science Chapter Ⅺ Of the Spirit in Which the Americans Cultivate the Arts Chapter Ⅻ Why the Americans Raise Some Monuments So Insignificant, and Others So Important Chapter ⅫⅠ Literary Characteristics of Democratic Ages Chapter ⅩⅣ The Trade of Literature Chapter ⅩⅤ The Study of Greek and Latin Literature Peculiarly Useful in Democratic Communities Chapter ⅩⅥ The Effect of Democracy on Language Chapter ⅩⅦ Of Some of the Sources of Poetry Amongst Democratic Nations Chapter ⅩⅧ Of the Inflated Style of American Writers and Orators Chapter ⅩⅨ Some Observations on the Drama Amongst Democratic Nations Chapter ⅩⅩ Characteristics of Historians in Democratic Ages Chapter ⅩⅪ Of Parliamentary Eloquence in the United States Book Two Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of the Americans Chapter I Why Democratic Nations Show a More Ardent and Enduring Love of Equality Than of Liberty Chapter Ⅱ Of Individualism in Democratic CountriesChapter Ⅲ Individualism Stronger at the Close of a Democratic Revolution Than at Other Periods Chapter Ⅳ That the Americans Combat the Effects of Individualism by Free Institutions Chapter Ⅴ Of the Use Which the Americans Make of Public Associations in Civil Life Chapter Ⅵ Of the Relation Between Public Associations and Newspapers Chapter Ⅶ Connection of Civil and Political Associations Chapter Ⅷ The Americans Combat Individualism by the Principle of Interest Rightly Understood Chapter Ⅸ That the Americans Apply the Principle of Interest Rightly Understood to Religious Matters Chapter Ⅹ Of the Taste for Physical Well-Being in America Chapter Ⅺ Peculiar Effects of the Love of Physical Gratifications in Democratic Ages Chapter Ⅻ Causes of Fanatical Enthusiasm in Some Americans Chapter ⅫⅠ Causes of the Restless Spirit of Americans in the Midst of Their Prosperity Chapter ⅩⅣ Taste for Physical Gratifications United in America to Love of Freedom and Attention to Public Affairs Chapter ⅩⅤ That Religious Belief Sometimes Turns the Thoughts of the Americans to Immaterial Pleasures Chapter ⅩⅥ That Excessive Care of Worldly Welfare May Impair That Welfare Chapter ⅩⅦ That in Times Marked by Equality of Conditions and Sceptical Opinions, It Is Important to Remove to a Distance the Objects of Human Actions Chapter ⅩⅧ That Amongst the Americans All Honest Callings Are Honorable Chapter ⅩⅨ That Almost All the Americans Follow Industrial Callings Chapter ⅩⅩ That Aristocracy May Be Engendered by Manufactures Book Three Influence of Democracy on Manners, Properly So Called Chapter I That Manners Are Softened as Social Conditions Become More Equal Chapter Ⅱ That Democracy Renders the Habitual Intercourse of the Americans Simple and Easy Chapter Ⅲ Why the Americans Show So Little Sensitiveness in Their Own Country, and Are So Sensitive in Europe Chapter Ⅳ Consequences of the Three Preceding Chapters Chapter Ⅴ How Democracy Affects the Relation of Masters and Servants Chapter Ⅵ That Democratic Institutions and Manners Tend to Raise Rents and Shorten the Terms of Leases Chapter Ⅶ Influence of Democracy on Wages Chapter Ⅷ Influence of Democracy on Kindred Chapter Ⅸ Education of Young Women in the United States Chapter Ⅹ The Young Women in the Character of a Wife Chapter Ⅺ That the Equality of Conditions Contributes to the Maintenance of Good Morals in America Chapter Ⅻ How the Americans Understand the Equality of the Sexes Chapter ⅫⅠ That the Principle of Equality Naturally Divides the Americans into a Number of Small Private Circles Chapter ⅩⅣ Some Reflections on American Manners Chapter ⅩⅤ Of the Gravity of the Americans, and Why It Does Not Prevent Them from Often Committing Inconsiderate Action Chapter ⅩⅥ Why the National Vanity of the Americans Is More Restless and Captious Than That of the English Chapter ⅩⅦ That the Aspect of Society in the United States Is at once Excited and Monotonous Chapter ⅩⅧ Of Honor in the United States and in Democratic Communities Chapter ⅩⅨ Why So Many Ambitious Men and So Little Lofty Ambition Are to Be Found in the United States Chapter ⅩⅩ The Trade of Place-Hunting in Certain Democratic Countries Chapter ⅩⅪ Why Great Revolutions Will Become More Rare Chapter ⅩⅫ Why Democratic Nations Are Naturally Desirous of Peace, and Democratic Armies of War Chapter ⅩⅫⅠ Which Is the Most Warlike and Most Revolutionary Class in Democratic Armies Chapter ⅩⅪⅤ Causes Which Render Democratic Armies Weaker Than Other Armies at the Outset of a Campaign, and More Formidable in Protracted Warfare Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ Of Discipline in Democratic Armies Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ Some Considerations on War in Democratic Communities Book Four Influence of Democratic Opinions on Political Society Chapter I That Equality Naturally Gives Men a Taste for Free Institutions Chapter Ⅱ That the Notions of Democratic Nations on Government Are Naturally Favorable to the Concentration of Power Chapter Ⅲ That the Sentiments of Democratic Nations Accord with Their Opinions in Leading Them to Concentrate Political Power Chapter Ⅳ Of Certain Peculiar and Accidental Causes Which Either Lead a People to Complete Centralization of Government, or Which Divert Them from It Chapter Ⅴ That Amongst the European Nations of Our Time the Power of Governments Is Increasing, Although the Persons Who Govern Are Less Stable Chapter Ⅵ What Sort of Despotism Democratic Nations Have to Fear Chapter Ⅶ Continuation of the Preceding Chapters Chapter Ⅷ General Survey of the Subject Appendices
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