数字逻辑（第三版）_朱勇_9787113253035

本教材根据普通高等学校计算机专业教学大纲精神，以及数字电路与逻辑设计课程的特点编写而成，全面系统地阐述了数字电路与逻辑设计的基本理论、基本概念、基本方法以及现代逻辑设计技术。全书共分 8 章：数制与编码、逻辑代数基础、组合逻辑、同步时序逻辑、脉冲产生电路、数/模与模/数转换电路、编程逻辑及数字系统综合设计。
本教材的编者是长期从事高校数字逻辑课程教学的骨干教师，并有丰富的数字系统设计经验与相关项目工程背景。教材中不仅对经典逻辑理论作了详细地论述，同时也考虑到当今数字电路与逻辑设计的发展趋势，介绍了当今先进的逻辑设计方法与技术，如 PLD(可编程逻辑器件)、HDL(硬件描述语言)、SoC(片上系统)、EDA(电子设计自动化)技术等。理论紧密联系实践。
本教材适合作为高等学校计算机及其相关专业本科教材，也可作为相关专业高职高专教材和工程科研人员的参考用书。

《数字逻辑》伴随着读者厚爱，走过了风风雨雨十年历程。本次改版（第 3 版）使该书升级为多媒体立体化教材：全书增加了多处小视频和图片。读者只要扫描书中二维码就可以得到相关概念、芯片、实验以及实例讲解，如同编者亲临。此外，将原 Altera 实践环节改编为 Modelsim 仿真软件，使得读者可以通过仿真学习逻辑设计，以适应更多专业的学生；原 Altera 部分作为附录，保持了版本的兼容性。数字逻辑教程的主旨在于训练学生的逻辑思维能力，掌握运用形式化方法来描述客观世界，为学习计算机硬件课程打下扎实基础。本书着眼于培养读者分析问题和解决问题的能力。对每一个逻辑问题的讲述做到条理清晰、深入浅出，尽量避免就事论事，从而达到举一反三的效果。每章均列举了相当数量的例题，以加深基本概念的理解，掌握基本方法的运用。zui终以 MIPS CPU综合逻辑描述与设计作为总结，期望能对学生能力有质的提高，同时为计算机系统设计打下基础、本教材除了全面详尽地论述经典数字逻辑外，具有以下四个特色：（1）可编程逻辑技术。介绍业界 PLD 领军企业 Xilinx 和 Altera（Intel 收购）的 CPLD、FPGA硬件芯片，以及 HDL 逻辑设计语言。（2）EDA 仿真。介绍业界zui流行的仿真软件 Modelsim 及其仿真应用。（3）CPU 设计实例。阐述学界经典 CPU MIPS 基本设计原理及其逻辑仿真。（4）小视频：生动地讲解了相关概念、芯片、实验以及实例，增加了读者的感性认识。全书共分 8 章：数制与编码、逻辑代数基础、组合逻辑、同步时序逻辑、脉冲产生电路、数/模与模/数转换电路、编程逻辑和数字系统综合设计。全书由朱勇教授主编，并编写数制与编码、编程逻辑及数字系统综合部分，高晓清编写同步时序逻辑、脉冲产生电路和数/模与模/数转换电路部分，曾西洋编写逻辑代数基础与组合逻辑部分，王君负责实验视频录制以及文档管理工作，姜志鹏编写 Modelsim 仿真软件使用及其实例仿真。还要感谢吴官东、黄潇、孙爱珂、杨慧鑫提供 CPU 逻辑仿真以及视频解说和图片处理工作。对于教材中的不妥之处，敬请同仁和读者批评指正。编者2018 年 10 月于金陵

第 1 章数制与编码 .............................................................................................................. 1
1-1 数字逻辑概述 ......................................................................................................................1
1-1-1 数字系统 ................................................................................................................1
1-1-2 片上系统.................................................................................................................3
1-2 数制及其转换 ......................................................................................................................5
1-2-1 十进制 ....................................................................................................................5
1-2-2 二进制 ....................................................................................................................6
1-2-3 八进制 ....................................................................................................................6
1-2-4 十六进制.................................................................................................................6
1-2-5 数制转换.................................................................................................................7
1-3 带符号二进制数的代码表示 .............................................................................................12
1-3-1 机器码与真值.......................................................................................................12
1-3-2 原码 ......................................................................................................................12
1-3-3 反码 ......................................................................................................................13
1-3-4 补码 ......................................................................................................................14
1-3-5 数码运算...............................................................................................................15
1-4 编码....................................................................................................................................17
1-4-1 BCD 码..................................................................................................................17
1-4-2 格雷码 ..................................................................................................................18
1-4-3 奇偶检验码...........................................................................................................20
1-4-4 CRC 码..................................................................................................................20
1-4-5 ASCII 码................................................................................................................21
小结 .............................................................................................................................................22
习题 .............................................................................................................................................22
第 2 章逻辑代数基础 ......................................................................................................... 23
2-1 逻辑代数的基本定理和规则 .............................................................................................23
2-1-1 逻辑代数公理.......................................................................................................23
2-1-2 逻辑代数定理.......................................................................................................23
2-1-3 逻辑代数规则.......................................................................................................25
2-2 逻辑函数的表示方法.........................................................................................................27
2-2-1 逻辑表达式...........................................................................................................27
2-2-2 真值表 ..................................................................................................................27
2-2-3 逻辑图 ..................................................................................................................28
2-3 逻辑函数表达形式与变换.................................................................................................28
CONTENTS ???
2
数字逻辑(第三版)
2-3-1 积之和 ..................................................................................................................29
2-3-2 和之积 ..................................................................................................................29
2-3-3 zui小项标准形式...................................................................................................29
2-3-4 zui大项标准形式...................................................................................................31
2-4 逻辑函数的化简 ................................................................................................................34
2-4-1 与或式的化简.......................................................................................................34
2-4-2 或与式的化简.......................................................................................................36
2-5 卡诺图................................................................................................................................37
2-5-1 卡诺图构成...........................................................................................................37
2-5-2 典型卡诺圈...........................................................................................................39
2-5-3 卡诺图化简...........................................................................................................42
2-5-4 无关项的卡诺图表示 ...........................................................................................45
小结 .............................................................................................................................................46
习题 .............................................................................................................................................47
第 3 章组合逻辑 ............................................................................................................... 49
3-1 门电路................................................................................................................................49
3-1-1 二极管、三极管门电路 .......................................................................................49
3-1-2 TTL 门电路...........................................................................................................52
3-1-3 CMOS 门电路........................................................................................................57
3-2 组合逻辑分析 ....................................................................................................................59
3-2-1 分析步骤...............................................................................................................59
3-2-2 分析实例...............................................................................................................60
3-3 组合逻辑设计 ....................................................................................................................62
3-3-1 设计步骤...............................................................................................................62
3-3-2 问题的描述...........................................................................................................62
3-3-3 设计实例...............................................................................................................65
3-3-4 不完全项设计.......................................................................................................68
3-4 组合逻辑电路的险象.........................................................................................................70
3-4-1 险象的产生...........................................................................................................71
3-4-2 险象的判断...........................................................................................................71
3-4-3 险象的解决...........................................................................................................72
3-5 常用的中规模组合逻辑构件的使用..................................................................................73
3-5-1 译码器 ..................................................................................................................74
3-5-2 编码器 ..................................................................................................................81
3-5-3 多路选择器...........................................................................................................83
3-5-4 比较器 ..................................................................................................................88
3-5-5 加法器 ..................................................................................................................89
3-5-6 ALU.......................................................................................................................93
目录
3
小结 .............................................................................................................................................98
习题 .............................................................................................................................................99
第 4 章同步时序逻辑 ....................................................................................................... 102
4-1 时序逻辑结构模型...........................................................................................................102
4-1-1 结构模型.............................................................................................................102
4-1-2 时序电路的分类.................................................................................................104
4-2 触发器..............................................................................................................................104
4-2-1 RS 触发器...........................................................................................................104
4-2-2 D 触发器.............................................................................................................107
4-2-3 JK 触发器 ...........................................................................................................109
4-2-4 T 触发器 .............................................................................................................113
4-2-5 不同类型时钟触发器间的转换..........................................................................113
4-2-6 集成触发器的参数 .............................................................................................118
4-3 同步时序逻辑分析...........................................................................................................119
4-3-1 特性函数.............................................................................................................119
4-3-2 激励表 ................................................................................................................119
4-3-3 状态图、状态表.................................................................................................119
4-3-4 波形图 ................................................................................................................121
4-3-5 分析实例.............................................................................................................121
4-4 同步时序逻辑设计...........................................................................................................126
4-4-1 原始状态图和状态表 .........................................................................................127
4-4-2 状态表化简.........................................................................................................131
4-4-3 状态分配.............................................................................................................137
4-4-4 设计实例.............................................................................................................141
4-5 常用的中规模同步时序逻辑构件的使用........................................................................145
4-5-1 寄存器 ................................................................................................................145
4-5-2 计数器 ................................................................................................................148
小结 ...........................................................................................................................................157
习题 ...........................................................................................................................................157
第 5 章脉冲产生电路 ....................................................................................................... 161
5-1 多谐振荡器 ......................................................................................................................161
5-1-1 TTL 环形振荡器 .................................................................................................161
5-1-2 MOS 多谐振荡器 ................................................................................................163
5-2 单稳态触发器 ..................................................................................................................164
5-3 施密特触发器 ..................................................................................................................166
5-4 555 定时器及其应用........................................................................................................168
5-4-1 555 定时器..........................................................................................................168
5-4-2 单稳态触发器.....................................................................................................169
4
数字逻辑(第三版)
5-4-3 多谐振荡器.........................................................................................................170
5-4-4 施密特振荡器.....................................................................................................171
小结 ...........................................................................................................................................172
习题 ...........................................................................................................................................172
第 6 章数 / 模与模 / 数转换电路 .......................................................................................... 174
6-1 数/模转换电路 .................................................................................................................174
6-1-1 权电阻网络 DAC ................................................................................................174
6-1-2 倒 T 形电阻网络 DAC ........................................................................................175
6-1-3 DAC 的主要技术指标.........................................................................................176
6-1-4 集成 DAC 举例 ...................................................................................................177
6-1-5 DAC 转换器应用举例.........................................................................................179
6-2 模/数转换电路 .................................................................................................................181
6-2-1 逐次比较型 ADC ................................................................................................184
6-2-2 双积分型 ADC ....................................................................................................187
6-2-3 ADC 的主要技术指标.........................................................................................189
6-2-4 集成 ADC 举例 ...................................................................................................189
6-2-5 ADC 应用举例 ....................................................................................................191
小结 ...........................................................................................................................................193
习题 ...........................................................................................................................................193
第 7 章编程逻辑 ............................................................................................................. 195
7-1 阵列示意图 ......................................................................................................................195
7-1-1 ROM....................................................................................................................195
7-1-2 阵列示意图概述.................................................................................................196
7-2 CPLD ................................................................................................................................198
7-2-1 PLA.....................................................................................................................198
7-2-2 PAL.....................................................................................................................199
7-2-3 GAL.....................................................................................................................200
7-2-4 CPLD 简介 ..........................................................................................................201
7-2-5 CPLD 编程原理...................................................................................................203
7-3 FPGA................................................................................................................................204
7-3-1 FPGA 编程原理 ..................................................................................................204
7-3-2 Altera FPGA 典型结构........................................................................................205
7-3-3 Xilinx FPGA 典型结构........................................................................................209
7-4 VHDL ...............................................................................................................................212
7-4-1 VHDL 概述 .........................................................................................................212
7-4-2 VHDL 基本结构..................................................................................................213
7-4-3 VHDL 数据类型与表达式 ..................................................................................214
7-4-4 VHDL 基本语句..................................................................................................219
目录
5
7-4-5 ModelSim 仿真 ....................................................................................................225
7-4-6 组合逻辑设计实例 .............................................................................................231
7-4-7 时序逻辑设计实例 .............................................................................................238
小结 ...........................................................................................................................................245
习题 ...........................................................................................................................................246
第 8 章数字系统综合设计 ................................................................................................ 247
8-1 设计流程..........................................................................................................................247
8-2 七段 LED 显示.................................................................................................................248
8-2-1 LED 显示原理.....................................................................................................248
8-2-2 电路设计.............................................................................................................249
8-2-3 VHDL 设计 .........................................................................................................250
8-3 交通灯控制 ......................................................................................................................252
8-3-1 系统需求.............................................................................................................252
8-3-2 状态分析.............................................................................................................253
8-3-3 系统设计.............................................................................................................253
8-3-4 模块 VHDL 描述.................................................................................................253
8-3-5 仿真与运行结果.................................................................................................258
8-4 ADC 0804 数据采集.........................................................................................................258
8-4-1 ADC 0804 时序 ...................................................................................................258
8-4-2 原理图 ................................................................................................................259
8-4-3 VHDL 设计 .........................................................................................................259
8-5 单周期 CPU 描述 .............................................................................................................261
8-5-1 MIPS 处理器概述 ...............................................................................................261
8-5-2 指令描述.............................................................................................................262
8-5-3 微结构 ................................................................................................................263
8-6 单周期 CPU 设计 .............................................................................................................265
8-6-1 指令执行步骤.....................................................................................................265
8-6-2 取指令(IF)逻辑设计......................................................................................265
8-6-3 指令译码(ID)逻辑设计..................................................................................266
8-6-4 指令执行(EXE)逻辑设计 ..............................................................................270
8-6-5 存储器访问(MEM)逻辑设计 .........................................................................270
8-6-6 结果写回(WB)逻辑设计................................................................................270
8-6-7 系统逻辑设计及仿真 .........................................................................................271
小结 ...........................................................................................................................................273
习题 ...........................................................................................................................................274
附录 A 逻辑符号对照表 .................................................................................................... 275
附录 B Quartus II 开发环境 .............................................................................................. 278
参考文献 ............................................................................................................................ 292

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